减少耕作和常规耕作对杂草群落的影响:西班牙西南部的长期试验结果

IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
G. Pardo, A. Cirujeda, F. Perea, A. Verdú, M. Mas, J. Urbano
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引用次数: 24

摘要

摘要:采用少耕(MT)和免耕(NT)技术的一个重要缺点是,经常观察到的杂草转移促进了适应物种的生长,并导致杂草控制较差。这些变化可以通过长期实验得到最好的检测,结果可能因土壤特征和当地植物群而异。这项工作的目的是评估减少耕作对土壤剖面中杂草种子分布的影响,并在塞维利亚(西班牙)进行的24年长期试验中确定对杂草多样性的可能影响,该试验采用了三种耕作系统:NT、MT和传统耕作(CT),包括垂直土壤上的犁板犁。为此,在2005年秋季列举了0-8厘米和8-16厘米深度的土壤种子库,并在2005年秋和2006年冬列举了田间出现的植物。计算了种子库和地上杂草群落的香农多样性指数(H)和均匀度(J’)。NT的杂草总种子密度最高,CT的种子密度最低。一些大种子物种,如Chrozophora tinctorea L.,在CT中表现出最高的种子密度。NT增加了种子库中苋属植物的相对密度,并增加了Malva parviflora L.、Anagallis arvensis L.和Picris echioides L.的出苗植物的丰度。总体而言,MT导致0-8厘米深的土壤中的种子库不如CT多样化。可膨胀粘土中频繁的干旱引起的深层断裂导致了自然耕作,与其他土壤类型相比,这可能导致不同耕作处理的杂草种子和幼苗密度差异较小。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of Reduced and Conventional Tillage on Weed Communities: Results of a Long-Term Experiment in Southwestern Spain
ABSTRACT: An important drawback in adopting minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) techniques is the frequently observed weed shift promoting adapted species and achieving poorer weed control. These changes can be detected best with long-term experiments, and results might differ depending on soil characteristics and the local flora. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of reduced tillage on weed seed distribution in the soil profile and to identify possible consequences on weed diversity on a long-term experiment maintained during 24 years in Seville (Spain) with three tillage systems: NT, MT and conventional tillage (CT) including moldboard plow on a vertisol. For this purpose, soil seedbanks at 0-8 cm and 8-16 cm depths were enumerated in autumn 2005 and in-field emerged plants in autumn 2005 and winter 2006. Shannon diversity index (H) and evenness (J’) were calculated for seedbank and aboveground weed communities. Total weed seed density was highest for NT and lowest for CT. Some big-seeded species, such as Chrozophora tinctorea L., showed highest seed density in CT. NT increased the relative density of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson seeds in the seedbank and the abundance of emerged plants of Malva parviflora L., Anagallis arvensis L. and Picris echioides L. Overall, MT led to a less diverse seedbank in the 0-8 cm depth of soil than CT. The frequent drought-induced deep fractures in the expandable clay soil caused natural tillage, which probably resulted in fewer differences in weed seed and seedling densities among tillage treatments compared to what might be expected in other soil types.
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来源期刊
Planta Daninha
Planta Daninha Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Planta Daninha is a scientific journal published by the Brazilian Society of Weed Science (SBCPD - Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas). Papers submitted for publication must be sent through an electronic system, on http://www.scielo.br/pd. Works may be written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, and will be accepted after being reviewed and approved by the Editorial Board. Only papers that have not been published or submitted for publication in other media will be accepted. Articles in Portuguese will be translated to English after being properly corrected and authorized by the authors. Planta Daninha has with goal to publish genuine technical-scientific papers and literature reviews from a critical perspective on Biology, weed management, and related topics.
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