个案研究中心理探究方法小组的进一步发展——以“罗南”为例

R. Miller, B. Ashley, Kristin S. Mount, Samantha Tuepker, Thomas Powell, David O'Leary, Michele Fouts, K. Allshouse, Jacob R. Rusczek, Kelsy Hennebarrows, Amanda Dombroski
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引用次数: 2

摘要

2011年,我们的研究小组发表了一项试点研究——“安娜”案例——采用心理调查小组(PPI)临床案例研究方法。本研究——“罗南”案例——是PPI方法的第二个实例。与安娜案相比,罗南案在方法上有许多修改。首先,罗南案例涉及对一项更复杂且有争议的书面案例研究的评估,该研究涉及一名20个月大的男孩,他被诊断为中度至重度自闭症谱系障碍(ASD),他在综合治疗日托中心项目中接受治疗,该项目的核心方法基于格林斯潘(2009)的“发展、个体差异、基于关系”(“DIR”/“Flortime”)模型。DIR/Florotime最初是为父母在自己家中使用而开发的,Ronan的案例展示了学前治疗环境如何使用DIR/Floritime作为学前治疗环境中大多数成年儿童互动的模型。除了将PPI模型应用于完全不同的临床诊断之外,还对方法本身进行了修改,包括:(a)将法官人数从5人减少到3人;(b) 让案件中的一名关键证人在小组面前远程作证;(c) 就案件中对其裁决影响最大的方面撰写更详细的法官意见;以及(d)进一步发展心理学临床案例研究的准司法方法的逻辑。通过研究民法在人身伤害案件中证明因果关系的基本框架(谁对谁造成了什么伤害),进一步阐述了临床实践中出现的知识主张的过程(谁为谁提供了什么好处)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Further Developments in the Panel of Psychological Inquiry Method of Case Study Research: The Case of "Ronan"
In 2011 our research group published a pilot study—the Case of "Anna"—employing the Panel of Psychological Inquiry (PPI) Clinical Case Study Method. The present study—the Case of "Ronan"—is a second example of the PPI method in action. The Case of Ronan has a number of modifications in method compared to the Case of Anna. First, the Case of Ronan involves the evaluation of a more complex and controversial written case study of a 20-month old boy who was diagnosed with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and who was treated in a comprehensive therapeutic daycare center program where the core approach was based upon  Greenspan’s (2009) "Developmental, Individual-differences, Relationship-based" ("DIR"/ "Floortime") model. DIR/Floortime was originally developed for use by parents in their own homes, and the Case of Ronan demonstrates how a therapeutic pre-school environment can use DIR/Floortime as a model for most adult-child interactions in a pre-school therapeutic environment.  In addition to the application of the PPI model to a radically different clinical diagnosis, there were  modifications to the methodology itself including: (a) reduction in the number of judges from five to three; (b) having a key witness in the case testify remotely before the Panel; (c) the writing of a much more detailed judges’ opinion on the aspects of the case that most influenced their decisions; and (d) a further development of the logic of a quasi-judicial approach to clinical case studies in psychology. By examining how the civil law’s basic framework for proving causality in cases of personal injury (who did what harm to whom), the process by which knowledge claims that emerge out of clinical practice (who provided what benefit to whom) is further explicated.
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