Determinants of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Introduction: Osteoporosis is generally associated with menopause. Scientific research has shown the existence of several factors involved in decreasing bone density in post-menopausal women. Goal: The aim of the review study is to map in detail the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in the context of postmenopausal age, postmenopausal duration, women’s BMI and selected behavioural factors. Methods: Relevant sources were selected in 2020 using search services and sources in electronic databases (PubMed, BioMed Central, Web of Science). The analytical review was performed using PRISMA and PICO tools. Results and discussion: In analysing the available studies, we found that the most frequently observed significant findings showed a relationship between the prevalence of osteoporosis and age at menopause and the prevalence of osteoporosis and advancing age in postmenopause. Opinions differ on the influence of BMI as a protective or risk factor. Some behavioural factors that are preventable can have a significant effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. The results of several studies suggest an association between the prevalence of osteoporosis and smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Menopause is a critical period for bone health. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with increasing age of postmenopausal women. As part of prevention, it is recommended to have a suitable type of diet, exposure to sunlight, regular exercise and to stop smoking and drinking alcohol.