Catherine E. Kerr, Sarah D. Hackman, Gary L. Francis
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Thyroid Nodules in Children and Adolescents: Mini-review
Thyroid nodules (TN) and differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) are reported in increasing numbers of children and adolescents. In part, this results from increased use of thyroid ultrasound (US) surveillance and diagnosis using fine needle aspiration (FNA)1. However, large TN and DTC are also increasingly common, suggesting a true rise in incidence2. Several factors increase the risk for TN, including genetic syndromes, radiation exposure, iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), and Graves’ disease (GD). This review will address recent advances in knowledge regarding TN prevalence, risk factors, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
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