土著人民权利的法理发展和裁决

IF 0.5 Q3 LAW
Alejandro Fuentes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,美洲人权法院发展了一种创新的法理学,重申并进一步发展土著人民的权利,将其作为国际人权法法律主体的一个组成部分。事实上,该区域法庭通过对《美洲人权公约》进行有力、系统、渐进和有效的解释,扩大了第21条第r款(财产权)的保护范围,其方式包括保护土著人民与其传统土地、领土和自然资源之间的特殊关系。在这一解释性发展的基础上,《土著人民权利公约》进一步扩大了对土著人民公共财产的保护,以保障他们的文化特性和有尊严生活的权利,即按照他们自己的文化传统和对尊严的理解生活。从这个意义上说,区域法庭在法律上确定了防止对财产权进行不合理限制的具体保障措施,因为这种限制可能等于剥夺土著人民的文化生存。本文批判性地分析了适用于保护美洲土著和部落人民传统公共财产权利的法律制度,这是由美洲土著和部落人权研究所制定的。它特别注意到区域法庭适用的解释方法,以及提及具体保护和保障土著人民权利的国际人权法的法律主体的方式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Jurisprudential Developments and Adjudication of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights
In recent years, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (“IACrtHR”) has developed an innovative jurisprudence that has reaffirmed and further developed the right of indigenous peoples as an integrative part of the corpus juris of the international human rights law (“ihrl”). In fact, through a dynamic, systemic, evolutive and effective interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights (“achr”), the regional tribunal has expanded the scope of protection of Article 21 achr (Right to Property) in a manner that includes the protection of the special relationship that indigenous peoples have with their traditional lands, territories and natural resources. Based on this interpretative development, the IACrtHR has further expanded the protection of indigenous peoples’ communal property to guarantee their right to cultural identity and to a dignified life, that is, to live in accordance with their own cultural traditions and understanding of dignity. In this sense, specific safeguards against unjustified restrictions on the right to property, that could amount to a denial of the cultural survival of indigenous peoples, were jurisprudentially identified by the regional tribunal. This paper critically analyses the legal regime applicable for the protection of the right to traditional communal property of indigenous and tribal peoples in the Americas, as developed by the IACrtHR. In particular, it pays special attention to the methods of interpretation applied by the regional tribunal and the manner that has referred to the corpus juris of international human rights law that specifically protects and guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples.
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CiteScore
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