{"title":"“看看你的太空港”:阿波罗计划和肯尼迪航天中心旅游业的起源,1963-67","authors":"Emily A. Margolis","doi":"10.1386/ejac_00030_1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deployed tourism as a key public relations strategy during preparations for Project Apollo. NASA appropriations hearings in 1963 catalysed a national debate over the tangible benefits and costs of sending Americans to the moon. American ambivalence towards the effort alarmed Democratic Representative Olin E. Teague of Texas, chairman of the powerful House Subcommittee on Manned Spaceflight, who understood the correlation between public opinion and congressional appropriations. Inspired by the crowds that congregated on the beaches outside Florida’s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for each crewed space launch, Teague proposed a tourism programme to encourage public support for NASA’s objectives. Public affairs officers facilitated these programmes at KSC, beginning with a modest information trailer in 1964 and culminating in a Visitor Information Center in 1967 that included an exhibition hall, outdoor displays and depot facilitating escorted bus tours. The space centre quickly became a popular attraction: however, a culture of racial discrimination and intimidation in Brevard County deterred African Americans from participating in space centre tourism. Public programming at KSC – an important legacy of Project Apollo that continues today – was not the panacea Teague and NASA hoped it would be.","PeriodicalId":35235,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of American Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"249-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"‘See your spaceport’: Project Apollo and the origins of Kennedy Space Center tourism, 1963–67\",\"authors\":\"Emily A. Margolis\",\"doi\":\"10.1386/ejac_00030_1\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This article argues that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deployed tourism as a key public relations strategy during preparations for Project Apollo. NASA appropriations hearings in 1963 catalysed a national debate over the tangible benefits and costs of sending Americans to the moon. American ambivalence towards the effort alarmed Democratic Representative Olin E. Teague of Texas, chairman of the powerful House Subcommittee on Manned Spaceflight, who understood the correlation between public opinion and congressional appropriations. Inspired by the crowds that congregated on the beaches outside Florida’s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for each crewed space launch, Teague proposed a tourism programme to encourage public support for NASA’s objectives. Public affairs officers facilitated these programmes at KSC, beginning with a modest information trailer in 1964 and culminating in a Visitor Information Center in 1967 that included an exhibition hall, outdoor displays and depot facilitating escorted bus tours. The space centre quickly became a popular attraction: however, a culture of racial discrimination and intimidation in Brevard County deterred African Americans from participating in space centre tourism. Public programming at KSC – an important legacy of Project Apollo that continues today – was not the panacea Teague and NASA hoped it would be.\",\"PeriodicalId\":35235,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of American Culture\",\"volume\":\"39 1\",\"pages\":\"249-274\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of American Culture\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00030_1\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"Arts and Humanities\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of American Culture","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00030_1","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
本文认为,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)部署旅游作为一个关键的公共关系战略,在阿波罗计划的准备工作。1963年美国宇航局的拨款听证会引发了一场关于将美国人送上月球的实际收益和成本的全国性辩论。美国人对这项努力的矛盾态度震惊了德克萨斯州民主党众议员奥林·e·蒂格(Olin E. Teague),他是众议院载人航天小组委员会(House Subcommittee on载人航天)的主席,他了解公众舆论与国会拨款之间的关系。每次载人航天发射时,聚集在佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心(KSC)外的海滩上的人群受到启发,蒂格提出了一个旅游项目,以鼓励公众支持美国宇航局的目标。公共事务官员在KSC促进了这些计划,从1964年的一个不起眼的宣传拖车开始,到1967年的一个游客信息中心,其中包括一个展览厅、户外展览和供陪同巴士游览的车站。航天中心很快成为一个受欢迎的景点:然而,布里瓦德县的种族歧视和恐吓文化使非裔美国人不敢参加航天中心旅游。KSC的公共项目——阿波罗计划的重要遗产,一直延续到今天——并不是Teague和NASA所希望的灵丹妙药。
‘See your spaceport’: Project Apollo and the origins of Kennedy Space Center tourism, 1963–67
This article argues that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) deployed tourism as a key public relations strategy during preparations for Project Apollo. NASA appropriations hearings in 1963 catalysed a national debate over the tangible benefits and costs of sending Americans to the moon. American ambivalence towards the effort alarmed Democratic Representative Olin E. Teague of Texas, chairman of the powerful House Subcommittee on Manned Spaceflight, who understood the correlation between public opinion and congressional appropriations. Inspired by the crowds that congregated on the beaches outside Florida’s John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for each crewed space launch, Teague proposed a tourism programme to encourage public support for NASA’s objectives. Public affairs officers facilitated these programmes at KSC, beginning with a modest information trailer in 1964 and culminating in a Visitor Information Center in 1967 that included an exhibition hall, outdoor displays and depot facilitating escorted bus tours. The space centre quickly became a popular attraction: however, a culture of racial discrimination and intimidation in Brevard County deterred African Americans from participating in space centre tourism. Public programming at KSC – an important legacy of Project Apollo that continues today – was not the panacea Teague and NASA hoped it would be.