A longitudinal study of self-management ability in acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To understand the development trajectory of self-management ability of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) , to explore the predictive roles of perceived control force and hospital discharge readiness so as to provide a theoretical basis for working out the phased and personalized self-management plan. Methods From May to September 2018, this study selected 168 AMI inpatients with PCI of Cardiac Care Unit at a ClassⅢ Grade A general hospital in Tianjin as subjects by convenience sampling. All patients were investigated with the Self-management Scale for Patients Undergone Coronary Artery Stent Implantation, the Chinese Version of Control Attitudes Scale-revised and the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Data were collected at discharge (Time 1, T1) , 3 months (Time 2, T2) , 6 months (Time 3, T3) , 9 months (Time 4, T4) , 12 months (Time 5, T5) after discharge. Results Among 168 AMI patients, the scores of self-management ability in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were (34.91±5.03) , (38.89±7.22) , (43.78±9.32) , (47.76±10.33) and (53.29±11.48) respectively. The scores of perceived control force and hospital discharge readiness in T1 were (20.63±6.70) and (59.85±21.42) respectively. Conditional model fit indexes all reached the standard. The development trajectory of self-management ability was a linear form and a significant rise. There were individual differences in the initial levels and development speeds. Perceived control force and hospital discharge readiness could positively predict the initial level of self-management ability. Perceived control force could positively predict the development speed of self-management ability. Conclusions Self-management ability of AMI inpatients after PCI shows a sustainable development which can be promoted by improving the perceived control force and hospital discharge readiness. Key words: Acute myocardial infarction; Self-management; Perceived control force; Hospital discharge readiness; Latent growth curve modeling