Assessment of the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity in the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications (literature review)

The presented review is based on a generalization of epidemiological, demographic and country studies and expert materials of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Observatory on Public Health Systems and Policies in the Field of Public Health and an analysis of existing and progressive medical and social problems associated with the growth of overweight, obesity and metabolic-associated diseases among the population, including diabetes mellitus. The search and selection of articles was carried out using the information databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, materials published in WHO bulletins. Non-compliance with the principles of a healthy diet, low physical activity are considered risk factors for the development diabetes of type 2. The above analysis shows that such modifiable risk factors as improper, unbalanced diet, low physical activity are trigger risk factors for the development of obesity and metabolically associated diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus type 2 with subsequent cardiovascular complications. At the same time, the five-year risk of developing new cases of diabetes type 2 is high, which entails early disability and, according to experts, the economic costs of providing medical care. Strategies aimed at reducing risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiac vascular diseases should be focused on lifestyle correction, improving diet, and increasing physical activity.