The risk impact and benefits of Ramadan fasting on patients with type 2 diabetes in a sample of Iraqi patients

Background: Ramadan fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam. In it, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, and having sexual intercourse from dawn to sunset every day for the whole holy (Ramadan) month. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the risk impact and benefits of Ramadan fasting on patients with diabetes in a sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study involving 106 patients with type 2 diabetes who decide to fast Ramadan enrolled in this study and parameters gathered before and after Ramadan to identify anthropometric and biochemical changes that develop throughout the whole month. Results: More than 96% of patients fasted for more than 25 days of Ramadan. Hypoglycemia developed in 17% of patients. It occurred significantly in those with a history of mild and severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia >300 mg/dL in the preceding 3 months before Ramadan and those with comorbidities especially, stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. Following Ramadan, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and significant weight reduction. Conclusion: Most patients with diabetes can fast for more than 25 days during the whole Ramadan month. Ramadan fasting can be considered as safe in patients with type 2 diabetes without comorbidities (like CKD, stroke). Ramadan fasting reduces the glycated hemoglobin, reduces body weight, and reduces blood pressure in patients with diabetes.