Barriers in Replacement of Conventional Vehicles by Electric Vehicles in India

Electric vehicles are an emerging and evolving technology that brings in remarkable environmental gains over conventional vehicles, contributing significantly towards a decrease in fossil fuel dependence. However, infiltrating into the existing automobile market requires huge investment in charging facilities and intricate planning to make it more approachable to the consumers. Identifying the crucial challenges and finding a solution has been a major hurdle to the manufacturers. While various non-government agencies and government policies are urging both consumers and manufacturers to adopt electric mobility, many industries remain unguided. The paper aims to identify, study, and rank 12 of these influential challenges faced by the manufacturers based on their impact on enhancing the manufacturing and sales of electric vehicles in India using the triangular fuzzy number (TFN) method. Results obtained reveal that inadequate charging infrastructure is one of the biggest hurdles.