Power Sharing and Frequency Control in Inverter-based Microgrids

In the recent period, developed countries have resorted to using smart grids more widely as a solution to the problems of shortage of electric power, because it is the most environmentally friendly due to its reliance on renewable energy sources and does not require expensive maintenance due to the proximity of its stations to the feeding areas. However, these networks faced problems in sharing the required power between the inverters of the user stations, as well as regulating their frequency when connected to the main network to fill the shortage of electrical energy. This paper aims to achieve the actual sharing of power (Active and Reactive) supply to the varying load between the smart grid inverters by designing a PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) controller. PID controller gain tuning by PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm which is based on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) scaler that feeds the Microgrid inverter switches. Frequency control can be achieved when connecting Microgrid with the main grid by using PLL (Phase Locked Loop) to generate a controlled reference signal for the PID controller.