弱势国家中的积极公民:当代吉尔吉斯斯坦的“自助”群体与后苏联时代的新自由主义主体

IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES
C. Owen
{"title":"弱势国家中的积极公民:当代吉尔吉斯斯坦的“自助”群体与后苏联时代的新自由主义主体","authors":"C. Owen","doi":"10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the new political subjectivities that are emerging in disadvantaged communities in Kyrgyzstan following post-Soviet state transformation and retreat. It explores the ways in which the collapse of the Soviet-era bureaucracy and emergence of a marketising yet rent-seeking state bureaucracy has facilitated the emergence of ‘active citizens’ in self-built shanty towns in two locations in Kyrgyzstan – the capital, Bishkek, and the Issyk Kul resort region in the east. Based on participant observation and research interviews with members of so-called ‘self-help groups’ in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, in which residents co-organise to lobby local government for basic amenities and pool funds to raise money for community infrastructure and services in the absence of a functioning state, the paper makes two contributions to understanding the nature of citizenship in the context of weak, post-Soviet states. First, it suggests that, rather than seeing self-organised citizens as a threat to stability – a perspective common to non-liberal governments – these initiatives are supported and encouraged by the Kyrgyz authorities, since they perform tasks and provide services in lieu of the weak state. Autonomous citizens who can take responsibility for their own welfare are useful when the state cannot provide adequate services. Hence, leaders of weak states are able to recontextualise global neoliberal discourses of active citizenship, which emphasise autonomous, rational citizens, in order to legitimise their functional inabilities. Second, it seeks to problematise the binary distinction between the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ and the modern, post-Soviet active citizen, evident in government and international NGO discourses, and suggests that the idea of the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ is a discursive trope utilised to distinguish desirable from undesirable subjectivity in the post-Soviet market state.","PeriodicalId":29909,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"464 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Active Citizens in a Weak State: ‘Self-Help’ Groups and the Post-Soviet Neoliberal Subject in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan\",\"authors\":\"C. Owen\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstract This article explores the new political subjectivities that are emerging in disadvantaged communities in Kyrgyzstan following post-Soviet state transformation and retreat. It explores the ways in which the collapse of the Soviet-era bureaucracy and emergence of a marketising yet rent-seeking state bureaucracy has facilitated the emergence of ‘active citizens’ in self-built shanty towns in two locations in Kyrgyzstan – the capital, Bishkek, and the Issyk Kul resort region in the east. Based on participant observation and research interviews with members of so-called ‘self-help groups’ in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, in which residents co-organise to lobby local government for basic amenities and pool funds to raise money for community infrastructure and services in the absence of a functioning state, the paper makes two contributions to understanding the nature of citizenship in the context of weak, post-Soviet states. First, it suggests that, rather than seeing self-organised citizens as a threat to stability – a perspective common to non-liberal governments – these initiatives are supported and encouraged by the Kyrgyz authorities, since they perform tasks and provide services in lieu of the weak state. Autonomous citizens who can take responsibility for their own welfare are useful when the state cannot provide adequate services. Hence, leaders of weak states are able to recontextualise global neoliberal discourses of active citizenship, which emphasise autonomous, rational citizens, in order to legitimise their functional inabilities. Second, it seeks to problematise the binary distinction between the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ and the modern, post-Soviet active citizen, evident in government and international NGO discourses, and suggests that the idea of the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ is a discursive trope utilised to distinguish desirable from undesirable subjectivity in the post-Soviet market state.\",\"PeriodicalId\":29909,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies\",\"volume\":\"14 1\",\"pages\":\"464 - 479\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-07-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"AREA STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2020.1802560","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"AREA STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3

摘要

摘要本文探讨了后苏联国家转型与倒退后,吉尔吉斯斯坦弱势群体中出现的新的政治主体性。它探讨了苏联时代官僚体系的崩溃和市场化但寻租的国家官僚体系的出现,如何促进了吉尔吉斯斯坦两个地方——首都比什凯克和东部伊塞克库尔度假胜地——自建棚户区“活跃公民”的出现。基于参与者的观察和对后苏联吉尔吉斯斯坦所谓“自助团体”成员的研究访谈,在没有一个正常运作的国家的情况下,居民共同组织游说当地政府提供基本设施,并筹集资金为社区基础设施和服务筹集资金,本文对理解弱势后苏联国家背景下公民身份的本质做出了两项贡献。首先,它表明,吉尔吉斯斯坦政府并没有将自我组织的公民视为对稳定的威胁(这是非自由派政府的普遍观点),而是支持和鼓励这些倡议,因为它们代替弱小的政府执行任务和提供服务。当国家不能提供足够的服务时,能够为自己的福利负责的自治公民是有用的。因此,弱国领导人能够将积极公民的全球新自由主义话语(强调自主、理性的公民)重新置于语境中,以使他们的功能缺陷合法化。其次,它试图对“被动苏联公民”和现代后苏联积极公民之间的二元区分提出问题,这在政府和国际非政府组织的话语中很明显,并表明“被动苏联公民”的概念是一种话语修辞,用于区分后苏联市场国家中可取的主体性和不可取的主体性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Active Citizens in a Weak State: ‘Self-Help’ Groups and the Post-Soviet Neoliberal Subject in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan
Abstract This article explores the new political subjectivities that are emerging in disadvantaged communities in Kyrgyzstan following post-Soviet state transformation and retreat. It explores the ways in which the collapse of the Soviet-era bureaucracy and emergence of a marketising yet rent-seeking state bureaucracy has facilitated the emergence of ‘active citizens’ in self-built shanty towns in two locations in Kyrgyzstan – the capital, Bishkek, and the Issyk Kul resort region in the east. Based on participant observation and research interviews with members of so-called ‘self-help groups’ in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, in which residents co-organise to lobby local government for basic amenities and pool funds to raise money for community infrastructure and services in the absence of a functioning state, the paper makes two contributions to understanding the nature of citizenship in the context of weak, post-Soviet states. First, it suggests that, rather than seeing self-organised citizens as a threat to stability – a perspective common to non-liberal governments – these initiatives are supported and encouraged by the Kyrgyz authorities, since they perform tasks and provide services in lieu of the weak state. Autonomous citizens who can take responsibility for their own welfare are useful when the state cannot provide adequate services. Hence, leaders of weak states are able to recontextualise global neoliberal discourses of active citizenship, which emphasise autonomous, rational citizens, in order to legitimise their functional inabilities. Second, it seeks to problematise the binary distinction between the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ and the modern, post-Soviet active citizen, evident in government and international NGO discourses, and suggests that the idea of the ‘passive Soviet citizen’ is a discursive trope utilised to distinguish desirable from undesirable subjectivity in the post-Soviet market state.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信