Alternative natural and chemical substances to traditional formalin-based embalming fluid for cadaveric dissection: A review

Formalin, a widely used embalming fluid in the preservation of cadavers, poses significant health risks to anatomists, medical students, and the environment. This review article evaluates alternative natural and chemical substances for embalming fluid in cadaveric dissection. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on alternative embalming fluids in the past 20 years. The main outcome of interest was the effectiveness of alternative fluids in preserving cadavers for dissection. The review identified several alternatives, including Thiel's solution, modified Larssen solution, Genelyn, and natural alternatives such as honey and essential oils. Thiel's solution has emerged as a popular alternative, providing excellent preservation and flexibility of cadavers. However, the high costs and the need for specialized equipment limit its widespread adoption. Essential oils and honey have also shown potential as effective, environmentally friendly alternatives to formalin. Future research should optimise the composition and application of these alternatives to improve their cost-effectiveness, feasibility, and environmental impact.