Stochastic source modeling and tsunami simulations of cascadia subduction earthquakes for Canadian Pacific coast

ABSTRACT This study presents new stochastic source models for the Cascadia subduction earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, which can trigger massive tsunamis along the shoreline of Vancouver Island. An extensive set of 5,000 stochastic source models is generated for the moment magnitude ranges between 8.1 and 9.1, and regional tsunami hazard simulations are performed at the grid resolution of 270 m. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations are characterized by evaluating the regional tsunami hazard metric that is based on the geometric mean of the maximum wave heights along the Vancouver Island coast. Subsequently, using the probability distribution of the regional tsunami hazard parameter, representative source models are identified by capturing the average as well as rare rupture cases and then detailed tsunami hazard results, such as maximum wave height maps and wave profiles at specific locations, are examined. Numerical results highlight the directivity effects of tsunami generation and wave propagation on tsunami hazards along the Canadian Pacific coast and the earthquake source characterizations in terms of fault geometry and earthquake slip distribution. The developed source models and tsunami simulation results serve as the first step for performing probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for the Cascadia subduction zone.