标题河马鼻蝗群(翼翅目:鼻蝗科)的修订及中东一种的定义

Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI:10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.2.001
P. Benda, M. Uvizl, Peter Vallo, Antonín Reiter, M. Uhrin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最初,人们通过两个形态学特征来定义犀牛群,即鼻叶的结构和头骨的基本枕骨的形状。最初,它由两个物种组成,r.s hihipposideros和r.s midas,而目前被认为包含一个单一的物种,r.s hipposideros,在它的等级下,两个原始物种都被加入。传统上,对类群内地理变异的解释是基于身体和头骨大小、鼻叶形状以及一些选定的头骨和牙齿特征的变化。这种方法导致了多达7个亚种的划分,主要是在地中海地区,这个概念在100多年前提出,直到今天仍被许多作者所接受。本文通过分子遗传学、形态学和声学分析等方法,对不同居群间的系统发育关系进行了研究。我们的分析揭示了r.s hihipposideros群体中意想不到的多样性的存在,挑战了其当前的系统发育和分类安排。对近100个样本的分子遗传学分析和对约300个样本的形态学检查表明,该群体中有两个主要的、地理上独特的系统发育谱系,由分子特征划分得很好,具有两种不同的形态型和两种不同的回声型。这两个谱系被隔离得足够深,可以被认为是不同的物种。其中一种是r.h hipposideros s.str。在欧亚大陆西南部、非洲西北部和东北部分布广泛,另一种是米达斯赤藓,分布在霍尔木兹海峡和阿曼湾附近的小范围内。大鼠的广泛分布范围。至少有两个亚种居住,主要由遗传特征分开,而形态和回声定位特征不能充分区分种群。西部r.h. hipposideros出现在马格里布和欧洲第聂伯河以西、博斯普鲁斯海峡和卡尔帕索斯海峡,东部r.h. minimus生活在这一边界以东,包括克里米亚、高加索、中东和非洲东北部(苏丹到吉布提)的人口。这两个亚种在核型上也有差异,最小鼠的核型为2n = 58,而河马的核型为2n = 54-56。马蹄鼠最东端居群的分类地位。(西突厥斯坦、阿富汗、克什米尔)仍然没有解决,必须进行更详细的调查,并使用更广泛的样本集。
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A Revision of the Rhinolophus hipposideros group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with Definition of an Additional Species from the Middle East
Initially, the Rhinolophus hipposideros group was defined by two morphological traits, the structure of the nose-leaf and the shape of basioccipital bone of the skull. Originally, it consisted of two species, R. hipposideros and R. midas, whereas currently it is considered to contain a single species, R. hipposideros, under whose rank both original species have been joined. The interpretation of geographic variability within the group has traditionally been based on variation in body and skull size, nose-leaf shape, and several selected skull and tooth characters. This approach resulted in delimitations of up to seven subspecies, mostly in the Mediterranean area, a conception introduced more than a hundred years ago and accepted by many authors till today. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among populations of R. hipposideros with the help of molecular genetic, morphological, and acoustic examinations. Our analysis uncovered the existence of an unexpected diversity within the R. hipposideros group, challenging its current phylogenetic and taxonomic arrangements. The molecular genetic analysis of almost 100 samples and morphological examinations of about 300 specimens showed two main, geographically exclusive, phylogenetic lineages within the group, well delimited by molecular characteristics and possessing two distinct morphotypes and two distinct echotypes. These two lineages are isolated deep enough to be considered separate species. One of them, R. hipposideros s.str., is widespread over the south-western Eurasia and north-western and north-eastern Africa, and the other, R. midas, is distributed in a small range around the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman. The extensive range of R. hipposideros s.str. is inhabited at least by two subspecies, separated mainly by the genetic characters, whereas the morphological and echolocation traits do not distinguish the populations sufficiently. The western R. h. hipposideros occurs in the Maghreb and Europe west of the Dnieper River, Bosporus, and the Strait of Karpathos, and the eastern R. h. minimus lives east of this boundary, including the populations of Crimea, Caucasus, the Middle East, and north-eastern Africa (Sudan to Djibouti). The two subspecies also differ in karyotype, with 2n = 58 in R. h. minimus and 2n = 54–56 in R. h. hipposideros. The taxonomic position of the easternmost populations of R. hipposideros s.str. (West Turkestan, Afghanistan, Kashmir) remains unresolved and has to be investigated more elaborately and using a more extensive sample set.
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