神圣的垃圾和人格:生活在喜马拉雅山脉东部的日常垃圾管理基础设施中

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Bo Wang
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引用次数: 4

摘要

摘要:对“垃圾”的不同解读可以揭示喜马拉雅山脉东部藏族和汉族之间复杂的互动关系。本文采用“垃圾话”一词来说明藏族将衣服作为圣山祭品的做法如何成为藏汉关于民族身份、道德和人格的争论的中心。在为旅游业开发的中国云南藏区,建立了废物管理基础设施的轮廓,本文考察了藏语术语dreg paདྲེག་པ(污染),一种道德沦丧的不洁概念。作者强调了藏人如何通过提供个人服装来避免dreg pa,并与“山人”(山是神圣的存在)实现互惠平衡。汉族废物管理部门将这些衣物视为垃圾,这在藏人和汉族之间引发了关于什么是神圣的,什么是垃圾的争论。根据实地研究,作者认为,提供的服装不应被视为垃圾,而应被视作为人——调解人类与环境之间互惠关系的活跃实体。对两名西藏线人的经历的进一步分析揭示了旧衣服和dreg pa的问题甚至可以成为个人转变和人格重塑的基础。当地的垃圾观念、二手服装的不确定性和个人身份之间的这些联系表明,废物管理政策必须考虑到当地的废物观念,才能既高效又对文化敏感,尤其是在当前大众旅游和全球环保主义的垃圾政治中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sacred Trash and Personhood: Living in Daily Waste-Management Infrastructures in the Eastern Himalayas
abstract:Different interpretations of what constitutes "trash" can reveal complex interactions between Tibetans and Han Chinese in the Eastern Himalayas. This article adopts the term "trash talk" to illuminate how the Tibetan practice of depositing garments as offerings to sacred mountains has become a center of Tibetan-Han debates about ethnic identity, morality, and personhood. Establishing the contours of waste-management infrastructure in a Tibetan area of Yunnan, China, that has been developed for tourism, this article examines the Tibetan term dreg pa དྲེག་པ(pollution), a morally laden notion of impurity. The author highlights how Tibetans seek to avoid dreg pa and achieve a reciprocal balance with "mountain-persons" (mountains as sacred beings) by making offerings of personal garments. The Han Chinese waste-management sector's perception of these garment offerings as litter creates a dispute between Tibetans and Han as to what is sacred and what is trash. Drawing on field research, the author argues that the offered garments should be seen not as trash but as people—active entities that mediate the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment. Further analysis of the experience of two Tibetan informants reveals how the issue of used garments and dreg pa can even form a basis for personal transformation and the reinvention of personhood. These linkages among the local notion of dreg pa, uncertainties surrounding used garments, and personhood suggest that waste-management policies must take local notions of waste into consideration in order to be both efficient and culturally sensitive, especially in the current troubled trash politics of mass tourism and global environmentalism.
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