Challenges in the management of obesity in adolescents: an American perspective: a narrative review

Obesity is a preventable, yet costly disease, with an increasing incidence worldwide, with significant long-term implications for adverse health outcomes and burden on health care delivery systems (1-7). The lifetime medical cost is very high for a young child with obesity who in turn may suffer long-term health consequences in adulthood if not addressed early (8-16). The prevalence of obesity in the United States has doubled in the last two decades, with 1 in 5 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old found to be obese (12). Most available published expert recommendations for treatment include a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on diet, exercise and behavioral modification (13-16). In general, adherence to treatment guidelines is attainable; however, once puberty occurs, the obese adolescent will face an additional multitude of challenges affecting the physical, mental, and social aspects of health. Review Article