Serpents Glen(Karnatukul):澳大利亚西部沙漠国家深层依恋的新历史

IF 1.2 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
J. McDonald
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引用次数: 2

摘要

我们对西部沙漠文化景观的考古理解不断变化,变得更加细致入微。通过原住民与合作的人类学家和考古学家(特别是Bob Tonkinson、Peter Veth以及最近的——自2000年以来——Jo McDonald)之间几十年的关系,这个地方对Martu传统所有者的深刻意义得到了证实。我们对Serpents Glen(Karnatukul)的调查也有助于更深入地了解澳大利亚的考古,特别是与干旱地区狩猎采集者的灵活性有关。对澳大利亚各地关键遗址的重新分析继续揭示了原住民文化的更古老性,而越来越可行的数据集也为我们用来理解人类行为的模型提供了新的证据。先驱考古学家挖掘的澳大利亚遗址(Bowdler 1976;Bowler等人1970;Gould 1977;Mulvaney 1960;Wright 1971)开始解开时间跨度浅的神话。上个千年末,随着专业精神和区域主义的兴起,焦点从狩猎深层次的挖掘转移到收集对社会地理和文化复杂性的理解:一些人认为这是性别化的实践(Moser,2007年)。在过去的十年里,许多具有里程碑意义的遗址被重新考察(例如Riwi、Carpenter’s Gap、Puntutjarpa、Malakunaja II/Madjedbebe),并通过一系列改进的科学技术进行了新的细节探索。这导致越来越多的证据表明澳大利亚大陆的移民更早(Norman等人,2017;Veth 2017)。最近的风化也使第一批澳大利亚人的复杂性和适应性更加清晰(Balme 2000/Wood等人2016;Whitau等人2016;O’Connor 1995/Maloney等人2018;Gould 1977/Smith等人2017;Roberts等人1990/Clarkson等人2017)。卡纳图库尔最近的考古发掘是应原住民权利持有人的要求进行的,他们希望在安装第一个旅游设施之前了解更多的景观信息。这项调查几乎使该遗址的已知占用增加了一倍,使其成为澳大利亚干旱区已知最早的遗址,这与古尔德关于更新世晚期至全新世早期进入内陆沙漠的模型进一步矛盾。无论是在地域层面还是在遗址层面,风格上的不连续性也驳斥了他的澳大利亚沙漠文化是一种长期的文化保守主义。对蛇谷的考察使其深刻的时间意义得到了修正,但它也表明了全新世干旱区生活方式的复杂性。重新分析动员了石器和岩石艺术作品;通过探索这两种行为的当代性,我们已经达到了一定程度的理解jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.auMcDonald,J.2020。Serpents Glen(Karnatukul):澳大利亚西部沙漠国家深层依恋的新历史。《考古史公报》,30(1):5,第1-13页。DOI:https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624考古史公报
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time Attachment to Country in Australia’s Western Desert
Our archaeological understanding of Western Desert cultural landscapes continues to change and become more nuanced. Through a multi-decadal relationship forged between Aboriginal people and collaborating anthropologists and archaeologists (specifically Bob Tonkinson, Peter Veth and more recently – since 2000 – Jo McDonald), this place’s deep significance to the Martu Traditional Owners is confirmed. Our investigations of Serpents Glen (Karnatukul) are also contributing to a deeper understanding of the archaeology of Australia, particularly in relation to the flexibility of arid-zone hunter-gatherers. The re-analysis of key sites around Australia continues to reveal greater antiquity of Aboriginal culture while increasingly viable data sets also provide new evidence for the models we deploy to understand human behaviour. Australian sites excavated by pioneering archaeologists (Bowdler 1976; Bowler et al. 1970; Gould 1977; Mulvaney 1960; Wright 1971) began to unravel the myth of a shallow timeframe. The rise of professionalism and regionalism at the end of last millennium saw the focus shift from hunting deep-time excavations, to gathering understandings of social geography and cultural complexity: seen by some as gendered practice (Moser 2007). The last decade has seen a number of the landmark sites being revisited (e.g. Riwi, Carpenter’s Gap, Puntutjarpa, Malakunanja II/Madjedbebe) and explored in new detail with a range of improved scientific techniques. This has resulted in increasingly earlier evidence for arrivals on the Australian continent (Norman et al. 2017; Veth 2017). This recent efflorescence also provides greater clarity on the complexity and adaptability of the first Australians (Balme 2000/Wood et al. 2016; Whitau et al. 2016; O’Connor 1995/Maloney et al. 2018; Gould 1977/Smith et al. 2017; Roberts et al. 1990/Clarkson et al. 2017). The most recent archaeological excavations at Karnatukul were at the request of Native Title holders who wanted additional knowledge about the landscape before the installation of the first tourist facilities. This investigation has almost doubled the known occupation of this site, making it the earliest known in the Australian arid zone, providing further contradiction to Gould’s model for a late Pleistocene-Early Holocene entry into the interior deserts. The stylistic discontinuities at both the regional and site level also refute his Australian Desert Culture being one of long-term cultural conservatism. Revisiting Serpents Glen has resulted in a revision to its deep time significance, but it has also demonstrated the complexity of Holocene arid-zone lifeways. Reanalysis has mobilised stone tool and rock art productions; and by exploring the contemporaneity of these two behaviours we have achieved a level of understanding which Gould University of Western Australia, AU jo.mcdonald@uwa.edu.au McDonald, J. 2020. Serpents Glen (Karnatukul): New Histories for Deep time Attachment to Country in Australia’s Western Desert. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 30(1): 5, pp. 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-624 Bulletin of the History of Archaeology
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