从语法到字典。通过拉丁语和葡萄牙语的分类,将泰米尔语的语言形式拉丁化的早期挑战

IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Jean-Luc Chevillard
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引用次数: 2

摘要

这一贡献基于对16、17和18世纪在泰米尔纳德邦的传教士用葡萄牙语和拉丁语编写的几本泰米尔语词典和泰米尔语语法的研究,研究了他们在处理泰米尔语词形时所遵循的词形化策略。如果名义形式不是真正的问题,言语形式更难应付。例如,这就是为什么普罗恩卡的词典远没有做到完全的词源化,而且现代词典编纂者认为属于同一类别的许多形式被列为单独的条目,并给出单独的翻译。语法学家们逐渐掌握了复杂的形态学,他们使用葡萄牙语或拉丁语术语中的标签,尽管他们之间并不总是意见一致,例如,关于什么应该被称为不定式,他们中的一些人引入了新的标签,如实质性的不定式和绝对的不定式。然而,最难解决的问题可能是合成词对的存在,合成词对由两个成对的动词组成,一些现代语言学家将其称为“affective”和“effective”,另外还伴随着一些使役词。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From grammar to dictionary. The early challenge of lemmatizing Tamil verbal forms, through categories used for Latin and Portuguese
This contribution,1 based on an examination of several Tamil dictionaries and Tamil grammars, composed in Portuguese and in Latin, by missionaries who were in Tamil Nadu during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, examines the lemmatization strategies which they followed, while dealing with Tamil verbal morphology. If nominal forms were not really a problem, verbal forms were more difficult to cope with. This is why for instance Proenca’s dictionary is very far from being completely lemmatized, and many of the forms which modern lexicographers would consider as falling under the same head, are listed as separate entries, and given separate translations. The complexity of the morphology was progressively mastered by grammarians, using labels taken from Portuguese or Latin terminology, although they did not always agree between themselves, concerning for instance what should be called infinitivus, some of them introducing new labels such as infinitivus substantivus and infinitivus absolutus. The most difficult nut to crack, however, was probably the existence of diathetic pairs, consisting of two paired verbs, which some modern linguists have referred to as ‘affective’ and ‘effective’, additionally accompanied by some causatives.
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来源期刊
Journal of Portuguese Linguistics
Journal of Portuguese Linguistics LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
1.10
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11
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