民粹主义作为一种政治策略:是对民主的威胁吗?

Petar Murginski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一些作者对民粹主义持高度批评态度,这自然引发了民粹主义对民主是否危险的问题。我想对这一说法进行批评,相反,我认为民粹主义有时对成熟的民主国家是必要的。本文对这一论点进行了阐述:首先,我将概述乌尔比纳蒂对民粹主义的批评。其次,利用波普尔的宽容悖论,我将展示乌尔比纳蒂的观点是如何具有目的性的,并成为对现状的辩护,从而阻碍政治进步。第三,我将展示民粹主义与民主的关系如何最好地被概念化为一种创造性的破坏性关系,以及民粹主义者一旦接受了波普尔式的宽容条件,如何通过阐明以前被排除在主流政治领域之外的问题,成为民主国家的一股向善力量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
POPULISM AS A POLITICAL STRATEGY: IS IT A THREAT TO DEMOCRACY?
Some authors have been highly critical of populism and naturally, this has raised the question of whether populism is dangerous for democracy or not. I wish to provide a critique of this claim and instead suggest that populism is sometimes necessary for established democracies. Developing this argument, this paper proceeds as follows: Firstly, I will outline Urbinati’s criticism of populism. Secondly, using Popper’s paradox of tolerance, I will show how Urbinati’s view is teleological and becomes a defence of the status quo thereby impeding political progress. Thirdly, I will show how populism’s relationship with democracy is best conceptualised as a creatively destructive one and how populists, once having accepted the Popperian condition of tolerance, can be a force for good in democracies by illuminating issues which were previously left outside the realm of mainstream politics.
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