A synthesis on troglobitic springtails in Europe

This paper provides an overview on troglobitic springtails found in European caves, including a checklist at species level. The paper also reviews what is currently known about Collembola, which occur in caves of the most important mountain ranges in Europe. Only troglobitic species were included since many troglophiles were of uncertain ecological status. A total of 338 troglobitic species of Collembola is recorded from European caves, distributed across 12 families. Spain and France appear to host the highest richness of species, including endemics. From a biogeographic perspective, troglobitic species are unevenly distributed in Europe, especially in the most important mountain ranges, like the Alps, the Carpathians, the Pyrenees, the Caucasus, and other European mountains. Troglobitic springtails are far more abundant in temperate zones than in the tropics. Despite this, several genera of Collembola appear to be well represented, while some are poorly represented (or lacking) in European caves. Many advances in knowledge of subterranean springtails have been made, particularly in the description of new species. However, there are still major gaps in the knowledge of the biology, environmental requirements, and impacts on subterranean fauna. This paper highlights the need for further research and provides baseline data for such efforts.