健全的公民身份:第一次世界大战中的听力和言语障碍

IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Evan P. Sullivan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文讨论了第一次世界大战期间,言语和听力残疾的美国人对公民身份的要求,以及美国政策制定者寻求让在美国陆军听力和言语缺陷科接受治疗的美国士兵康复的方式,或在该科关闭后被归类为聋人、听力障碍或“言语缺陷”的士兵康复的方法,我认为,一个人的听觉交流能力是衡量其在美国社会价值的指标,在第一次世界大战期间尤其如此,当时由于美国人面临支持战争的巨大压力,聋人社区内外的言论和听力紧张局势加剧。这种压力也塑造了1918年后接受言语和听力残疾治疗的美国士兵的经历,他们暗示,在通过唇读训练成功康复之前,他们对美国的服务是不可能完成的。能够进行听觉交流在字面和隐喻意义上都意味着退伍军人拥有健全的公民身份。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I
Abstract This article discusses speech and hearing disabled Americans’ claims to citizenship during World War I, and the ways American policymakers sought to rehabilitate American soldiers treated in the U.S. Army Section of Defects of Hearing and Speech—or those classified after the Section’s closure as deaf, hard-of-hearing, or “speech defective.” Ultimately, I argue that one’s aural communication abilities were indicators of worthiness in American society and that this was especially the case during World War I, when tensions about speech and hearing heightened within and outside of the Deaf community due to significant pressures placed on Americans to show support for the war. Such pressures also shaped the experiences of American soldiers treated for speech and hearing disabilities after 1918, by suggesting that their service to the United States could not be complete until they were successfully rehabilitated through lip-reading training. To be able to aurally communicate signified the veterans’ sound citizenship in a literal and a metaphorical sense.
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CiteScore
0.50
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发文量
51
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