Investigation of the farmers' perceptions and participation in opium poppy cultivation in the Northern Shan State, Myanmar

The interest for poppy cultivation in Myanmar is increasing due to an attractive income potential relative to other crops. The present study assessed farmers' perceptions of poppy cultivation, and participation in poppy- and non-poppy cultivation. Lack of law enforcement, large amounts of investments and higher profitability were some of the influencing factors for poppy cultivation in the poppy-growing region. In contrast, law enforcement was strictly implemented in the non-poppy growing region. Community development program was active in the non-poppy growing region, which had negative influence on the cultivation of poppy. The level of education significantly influenced farmers' perceptions regarding poppy cultivation. Alternative crops with high yield potential should be promoted. This study presents a new dimension on legal crop cultivation, poverty reduction, environmental protection and food security for policy development and implementation targeting suppression of illicit drug crop cultivation in Myanmar in particular and some other opium-producing countries in general.