1908年前后英国和俄国制造业的劳动生产率比较

IF 0.9 Q1 HISTORY
Nikita Lychakov, D. Saprykin, Nadia Vanteeva
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引用次数: 1

摘要

利用官方制造业普查的数据,我们比较了1908年前后英国和俄罗斯帝国在中型和大型企业占主导地位的行业中的劳动生产率。我们发现,俄罗斯的劳动生产率是英国水平的75.3或57.4%,这取决于我们是否包括或不包括俄罗斯庞大而高产的烈酒行业。如果算上烈酒行业,俄罗斯的生产率介于法国和荷兰之间;在荷兰和意大利之间,如果我们排除它的话。我们发现,大多数俄罗斯工业的表现不如英国工业。然而,在19世纪90年代国家引导的工业化政策中建立或现代化的一些工业,包括南方工业区的冶金,钢铁管,铁路车厢,黄油和奶酪,表现与英国同行相当或接近。其余的现代化工业,包括烈酒、烟草和石化行业,表现优于英国的同类行业。我们的研究结果表明,尽管俄罗斯的总劳动生产率落后于英国,但俄罗斯的现代化工业达到并在某些情况下超过了英国同行的生产率水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparative labour productivity in British and Russian manufacturing, circa 1908
ABSTRACT Using data from official manufacturing censuses, we compare labour productivity in the UK and the Russian Empire around 1908 in the industries in which medium- and large-size enterprises predominated. We find that Russia’s labour productivity was 75.3 or 57.4% of the British level, depending on whether we include or exclude Russia’s large and highly productive spirits industry. Russia’s productivity was between France’s and the Netherlands’, if we include the spirits industry; and between the Netherlands’ and Italy’s, if we exclude it. We find that the majority of Russian industries underperformed the British ones. However, some of the industries that had been established or modernized during the state-induced industrialization policies of the 1890s, including the metallurgy in the Southern industrial region, iron and steel tubes, railway carriages, and butter and cheese, performed on a par with or close to their British counterparts. The remaining modernized industries, including spirits, tobacco, and petrochemical sectors, outperformed their British equivalents. Our findings suggest that although Russia’s aggregate labour productivity lagged behind the UK’s, Russia’s modernized industries achieved, and in some cases surpassed, the productivity level of their British counterparts.
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CiteScore
1.30
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11
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