史诗般的怒容&兼论公式的转喻基础和语境意义ὑπξδραἰδ

IF 0.1 4区历史学 0 CLASSICS

GREECE & ROME Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI:10.1017/S0017383522000031

Fabian Horn

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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章从认知语言学和进化生物学的角度重新审视了荷马公式的含义ὑπξδραἰδ，字面意思是“从下面看”，这在史诗中被普遍认为是愤怒的象征。对这个短语的详细研究表明，它所指的面部表情最初是头部倾斜，同时保持凝视前方，从而从低垂的眉毛下方看到。有人认为，这种头部位置是身体冲突的功能性准备，因此，这句史诗般的短语ὑπξδραἰδε不仅是愤怒的转喻，也是如果冲突不能通过其他方式解决，愿意诉诸暴力的信号。这一点也得到了公式出现的背景的证明，因为在大多数情况下，以“从下面看”开头的演讲之后要么是暴力行为，要么是导致收件人收回罪行。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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THE EPIC SCOWL: A NOTE ON THE METONYMIC BASIS AND CONTEXTUAL MEANING OF THE FORMULA ὑπόδρα ἰδών

Drawing on the perspectives of cognitive linguistics and evolutionary biology, this contribution revisits the meaning of the Homeric formula ὑπόδρα ἰδών, literally ‘looking from below’, which is generally acknowledged as an indication of anger in epic poetry. A detailed examination of the phrase suggests that the facial expression it refers to was originally an inclination of the head while maintaining a fixed gaze ahead, resulting in a view from beneath lowered brows. It is argued that this position of the head serves as a functional preparation for a physical conflict, and consequently that the epic phrase ὑπόδρα ἰδών is not merely a metonym for anger but also a signal of the willingness to resort to violence if the conflict is not resolved by other means. This is also borne out by the contexts in which the formula occurs, since in most cases the speeches introduced with a ‘look from below’ are either followed by violent actions or cause their addressee to retract the offence.

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来源期刊

GREECE & ROME CLASSICS-

CiteScore

0.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Published with the wider audience in mind, Greece & Rome features informative and lucid articles on ancient history, art, archaeology, religion, philosophy, and the classical tradition. Although its content is of interest to professional scholars, undergraduates and general readers who wish to be kept informed of what scholars are currently thinking will find it engaging and accessible. All Greek and Latin quotations are translated. A subscription to Greece & Rome includes a supplement of New Surveys in the Classics. These supplements have covered a broad range of topics, from key figures like Homer and Virgil, to subjects such as Greek tragedy, thought and science, women, slavery, and Roman religion. The 2007 New Survey will be Comedy by Nick Lowe.