网络档案分析:对存档网络的远距离阅读中的盲点和沉默

IF 0.7 3区 文学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Simon Donig, Markus Eckl, S. Gassner, Malte Rehbein
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在这篇文章中,我们讨论了网络档案分析的认识论和方法论方面,这是最近发展起来的以数据为中心的网络档案访问。更具体地说,我们建议将存档过程和随后的大规模分析步骤都理解为观察行为,可以质疑其先验认识论。因此,我们提出了“盲点”(档案中未包含的实时网络特征)和“沉默”(档案中存在的潜在特征,但需要特定的方法来表达)的概念。我们特别讨论了在网络档案分析中扮演结构性角色的两种沉默形式:丰富(或规模)和时间,这对历史学家和社会科学家都至关重要。我们通过一个典型的案例研究工作流追踪网络档案分析的认识论含义,并对这个过程中提出的问题提出方法论答案。在数据提取方面,我们介绍了warc2corpus (w2c),这是一种用于提取颗粒状、结构化数据的新工具,特别是与网页的创建、修改和发布相关的时间信息。对于数据分析,我们展示了远距阅读技术——更具体地说是结构主题建模(STM)——如何有助于提供文本网络存档内容的丰富的、临时结构化的表示,而这些内容反过来又可以进行学术调查、解释和重新语境化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Web archive analytics: Blind spots and silences in distant readings of the archived web
In this article, we discuss epistemological and methodological aspects of web archive analytics, a recent development towards more data-centred access to web archives. More specifically, we suggest understanding both the process of archiving and subsequent steps of analysis at scale as acts of observation that can be questioned for their epistemological priori. Therefore, we propose the concepts of ‘blind spots’ (features of the live web not included upon creation in the archive) and ‘silences’ (latent features present in the archive but requiring a particular method to be made articulate). In particular, we address two forms of silences playing a structural role in web archive analytics, crucial to both historians and social scientists alike: abundance (or scale) and time. We trace epistemological implications of web archive analytics across an exemplary case study workflow and suggest methodological answers to the issues raised in this process. On the data extraction side, we introduce warc2corpus (w2c), a new tool for extracting granular, structured data, especially temporal information related to the creation, modification, and publication specifically of webpages. For data analysis, we demonstrate how distant reading techniques—more specifically structural topic modelling (STM)—can contribute to providing a rich, temporally structured representation of textual web archive content that in turn can be subjected to scholarly inquiry, interpretation, and re-contextualization.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
25.00%
发文量
78
期刊介绍: DSH or Digital Scholarship in the Humanities is an international, peer reviewed journal which publishes original contributions on all aspects of digital scholarship in the Humanities including, but not limited to, the field of what is currently called the Digital Humanities. Long and short papers report on theoretical, methodological, experimental, and applied research and include results of research projects, descriptions and evaluations of tools, techniques, and methodologies, and reports on work in progress. DSH also publishes reviews of books and resources. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities was previously known as Literary and Linguistic Computing.
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