Implications of climate change on the coastal zone of Kuala Selangor, Malaysia

Climate change is a variation in climate patterns due to natural and anthropogenic causes that affect human activity and natural ecosystems. Future projections (2025-2034 and 2041-2050) indicate increases in surface temperature of between 1.6 – 2.3°C and extreme rainfall events (between -55% to +68%) in Kuala Selangor, compared to previous levels (1984-1993). Sea-level rise projected for 2100 is about 0.5 m. Climate change poses a serious threat to humans and natural ecosystems in the coastal zone of Kuala Selangor. The projected increase in surface temperature is expected to reduce the yield from paddy and oil palm plantations. Extreme climate and hydrological conditions are expected to contribute to this decline. Projected sea level rise will increase the susceptibility of low-lying areas to coastal inundation and compromise existing land use. Almost 91% of the exposed components are agricultural and forest areas while the rest comprises transport, residential, infrastructure, business, public institutions and industy (including aquaculture). In addition, the potential for saline intrusion into groundwater aquifers increases as the sea level rises and this has implications for fresh groundwater resource. The implications of climate change in Kuala Selangor can be addressed by undertaking adaptive measures that take into account both surface and sub-surface aspects, which are then integrated into the coastal zone planning policy. Effective adaptation involves the collection of scientific information, risk assessment, determination of adaptation objectives, assessment of adaptation options, selection of appropriate adaptation measures, planning, implementation and monitoring.