Determinants of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among under-Five Children in Tehulederie District, Northeast Ethiopia

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in under-five children which accounting two million under-five deaths each year globally. Half of these deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regardless of this fact, efforts to identify determinants of pneumonia have been limited in the study area. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among 2-59 months of age children in Tehulederie district, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based 1:2 unmatched case-control study was conducted in Tehulederie district from August to September 2017 on 132 cases and 264 control of children aged 2 to 59 months were included in the sample. Cases were children with pneumonia, while controls were nonpneumonia children. Data were entered, coded, and cleaned using Epi-info software version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The binary logistic regression model was used to test associations between each independent factor with the outcome variable. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered significantly associated with communityacquired pneumonia. Results: Children who lived in the urban (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.7), children who are lived in house without windows (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.7, 8), children who are lived in house in non-separated animal house (AOR = 3.57 95%CI = 1.7, 7.2), children carried on the back of caregivers during cooking (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.7, 8), crowded family size (AOR = 2, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.37), and children who had history of diarrhea in the past two weeks prior to data collection (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.68, 5.86), were found to be determinants of community-acquired pneumonia. Conclusion: Children who lived in the urban, children who are lived in house without windows, children who are lived in house in non-separated animal house, children carried on the back of caregivers during cooking, crowded family size and children who had history of diarrhea in the past two weeks prior to data collection showed a significant association with community-acquired pneumonia.