Potential of feeding fresh and conserved mulberry leaf in ruminants and its impact on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, milk composition and meat quality: A review

Mulberry (Morus spp.) of Moraceae family is regarded as a unique plant on this earth due to its broader geological distribution across the continents. It is well recognized as alternative feed resources for livestock due to high protein and energy contents as compared to other tree leaves and conventional forages. Furthermore, it can be stored for longer period for livestock in the form of silage and hay. Previous studies have explored that mulberry leaves can be ensiled with or without additive for longer periods without deteriorating quality of silage. Moreover, mulberry leaves had potential to be stored in the form of hay by different techniques. Both mulberry leaves silage and hay influence antioxidant capacity, immunity, milk yield, dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk and meat composition. This review will explore the potential positive effects of mulberry leaves in fresh and preserved forms on animal’s health and production parameters. Through this review paper, all the important nutritional characteristics of mulberry leaves both fresh and preserved form will prove that it is a novel alternative of conventional fodders or agricultural by products for livestock