Real‐time rotor effective wind speed estimation based on actuator disc theory: Design and full‐scale experimental validation

{ The use of state estimation techniques offers a means of inferring rotor effective wind speed from standard measurements of wind turbines. Typical wind speed estimators rely upon a pre-computed quasi-steady aerodynamic mapping, which describes the relationship between pitch angle and tip-speed ratio and the power coefficient. In practice, the static mapping does not capture the influence of turbine structural dynamics and atmospheric turbulence, inevitably resulting in poor performance of the wind speed estimation. In addition, the turbine aerodynamic properties might not be easily accessible. Thus, this paper presents a rotor effective wind speed estimation method that obviates the requirement for prior knowledge of turbine power coefficients. Specifically, the proposed method exploits a simple actuator disc model, where the aerodynamic power and thrust coefficients can be characterised in terms of axial induction factors. Based on this insight and standard turbine measurements, real-time estimation of rotor effective wind speed and axial induction factors can then be achieved using a simplified turbine