Algebraic torus actions on contact manifolds

We prove LeBrun-Salamon Conjecture in low dimensions. More precisely, we show that a contact Fano manifold X of dimension 2n+1 that has reductive automorphism group of rank at least n-2 is necessarily homogeneous. This implies that any positive quaternion-Kahler manifold of real dimension at most 16 is necessarily a symmetric space, one of the Wolf spaces. A similar result about contact Fano manifolds of dimension at most 9 with reductive automorphism group also holds. The main difficulty in approaching the conjecture is how to recognize a homogeneous space in an abstract variety. We contribute to such problem in general, by studying the action of algebraic torus on varieties and exploiting Bialynicki-Birula decomposition and equivariant Riemann-Roch theorems. From the point of view of T-varieties (that is, varieties with a torus action), our result is about high complexity T-manifolds. The complexity here is at most (dim X+5)/2 with dim X arbitrarily high, but we require this special (contact) structure of X. Previous methods for studying T-varieties in general usually only apply for complexity at most 2 or 3.