霉菌毒性与胚胎发育:I-黄曲霉毒素B1降低小鼠胚胎发育过程中的质量和出生率

Reda A. Ali, F. Khalil, H. Hassan, I. Amer, Zeinab Kamal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

真菌毒素是一种常见于食物中的真菌产物,在水果、种子或谷物的生长、收获、干燥或储存过程中形成,对人类和动物产生各种毒性作用。黄曲霉毒素是由食物污染霉菌寄生曲霉菌和黄曲霉产生的一类聚酮次级代谢产物。黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)是一种致癌、致畸、致突变和抑制生长的真菌毒素。为了探讨AFB1对发育中的小鼠胚胎的负面形态学影响,将50只成年雌性白化小鼠(CD1)分为五组(每组10只雌性):对照组、阳性对照组和三组,每天口服5、10或20μg/kg bw的AFB1提取物。治疗15天后,雌性与雄性一起被关在笼子里。记录雌性小鼠和婴儿的妊娠、死亡率、胚胎数率和体重。在21天大时,对小鼠婴儿的冠臀、头、耳、尾、前肢和后肢长度进行了研究。目前的数据显示,在接受10和20μg AFB1治疗的动物中,雌性的妊娠率和胚胎数率下降,而与对照组相比,接受5μg AFB 1治疗的动物妊娠率和胚数率增加,而接受AFB1处理的三只实验动物的胎儿死亡率增加。在10和20μg组中观察到一些流产病例,而在20μg小组中观察到溃疡。与对照组相比,处理组的体重和所有形态测量参数均显著下降,但尾部长度显著增加,而耳朵长度显著增加。在婴儿中观察到不同的先天畸形,如治疗组的尾巴缺失、毛发和牙齿发育迟缓以及骨化不良。本研究表明AFB1可引起发育异常,降低出生质量和出生率。数据表明,诱发致畸性所需的AFB1的最低浓度远远超过了早期文献中估计的最低浓度。提示AFB1可能改变遗传因素,从而干扰骨矿化,并在小鼠胚胎发育过程中引起致畸性和畸形。需要进一步的研究来探索作用机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mycotoxicity and embryonic development: I- Aflatoxin B1 reduces quality and birth rate during mice embryonic development
Mycotoxins are fungal products often found in food, formed during growth, harvesting, drying or storage of fruits, seeds, or grains, leading to a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. Aflatoxins are a family of polyketide secondary metabolite produced by the food-contaminating moulds Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus . Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic and growth inhibitory mycotoxin. To explore the negative morphological effects of AFB 1 on the developing mice embryo, 50 adult females albino mice (CD1) were divided into five groups (10 females for each group): Control, positive control and three groups treated with a daily oral dose of 5, 10 or 20 μg/kg bw of AFB 1 extract. Fifteen days after treatments, females were caged with males. Pregnancy, mortality, embryos number rates and body weight of female mice and infants were recorded. At 21 days old, crown rump, head, ear, tail, fore and hind-limb lengths of mice infants were investigated. Current data showed a decrease in pregnancy and embryo number rate among females in the animals treated with 10 & 20 μg AFB 1 , while treatment with 5 μg showed an increase in pregnancy and embryo number rate compared to control one, while mortality rate among fetuses increased in the three experimental animals treated with AFB 1 . Some cases of abortion were observed in 10 & 20 μg groups, while ulcers were observed in 20 μg groups. Weight and all morphometric parameters showed significant decrease except tail length that showed insignificant increase in the treated groups compared to the control one, while ear length showed significant increase. Different congenital malformations were observed in infants such as tail loss, delayed hair and teeth development and poor ossification in treated groups. The present study demonstrated that AFB 1 induced developmental anomalies and reduced quality and birth rate. Data clarified that minimum concentration of AFB 1 required to induce teratogenicity is far beyond the minimum concentrations estimated in earlier literatures. It is suggested that AFB 1 might change genetic elements and consequently interfere with bone mineralization and induce teratogenicity and anomalies during mice embryonic development. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism of action.
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