Effects of cell phone (900 and 1800 MHz) and Wi-Fi (2450 MHz) frequencies on oxidative stress in laryngeal mucosa

The trachea has a composite structure with  individual and incomplete cartilaginous rings.  Deformation of trachea through surgical process and  mechanical applications induces injury of  laryngotracheal mucosa (Hussain et al. 2015). Results of  recent studies studying the oxidative related values in  larynx cancer indicated the importance of oxidative  stress.  Main reactive oxygen species (ROS) are  superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen.  Production normal level of ROS is a physiological  process, because the ROS has been using for  physiological functions such as killing bacteria and  viruses in the body. The excessive production of ROS is  scavenged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic  antioxidants. 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies are used in  cell phones in several countries including Turkey,  although 2450 MHz has been using as Wi-Fi frequency  in the countries. The non-ionize cell phone and Wi-Fi  frequencies induce their hazardous effects in cells  including laryngeal mucosa by excessive production of  ROS. Results of recent papers indicated that the  antioxidant levels such as glutathione and glutathione  peroxidase were decreased in the laryngeal mucosa of  animals by the cell phone and Wi-Fi exposures, but  oxidative stress levels were increased by the exposures  (Aynali et al. 2013). In the oral presentation, I will  summarize the results of recent papers on oxidative  stress and antioxidants in neurons and cells including  laryngeal mucosa.  In conclusion, exposure to the frequencies is  accompanied by increased oxidative stress, suggesting  that oxidative stress is a cause of electromagnetic  radiation-induced laryngotracheal pathophysiology. For  clarifying the subject, future studies need on the Wi-Fi  and mobile phone frequencies-induced oxidative stress  in larynx of animal and human