日本国家安全的下一代

IF 1.3
Asia Policy Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.1353/asp.2023.0022
Marina Fujita Dickson, Y. Funabashi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的十年里,贾潘的安全政策经历了几次剧烈的变化:2013年成立了国家安全委员会;2014年放松了国防装备出口;最近,2022年末发布了新的《国家安全战略》、《国防战略》和《国防建设计划》白皮书,同时将国防预算增加到GDP的2%,并计划建立新的措施,如反击能力。尽管许多分析人士强调,这些事态发展是日本战略重点的重大转变,但一个继续阻碍事态发展的主要因素——日本人口老龄化。日本试图成为一个“正常国家”——一个拥有有效安全政策的国家,可以接受使用武力作为一种潜在的政策工具——今天受到出生率下降、人口老龄化的限制,这既强调了政府的预算,又限制了日本自卫队的招募人数,以及日本自卫队采用技术的速度缓慢。Tom Phuong Le的《日本的老龄化和平:二十一世纪的和平主义和军国主义》一书解决了这些重大挑战,并独特地探讨了日本国防政策与该国人口危机之间的交叉点,详细说明了这些问题的原因和方式。首先,儿童数量减少意味着潜在的新兵数量减少。其次,老龄化人口需要为养老金制度等机构提供更大的预算,而用于国防事务(如招募和保留军队)的资金则更少。乐认真描述了问题的独特性和个性;尽管当今大多数发达经济体的出生率都在下降,但日本的危机可以说是过去20年来最受关注的一种社会现象。在探讨上述人口结构变化对日本国防的影响时,Le将日本与邻国韩国、中国台湾和新加坡进行了比较,这些国家都有某种形式的强制征兵。然而,这些国家中的每一个都面临着同样的人口老龄化问题——而且
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Next Generation of Japan's National Security
J apan’s security policy has undergone several drastic changes in past decade: the establishment of the National Security Council in 2013; the easing of defense equipment exports in 2014; and, most recently, the publication of the new National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy, and Defense Buildup Program white papers in late 2022, combined with the increase of the defense budget to 2% of GDP and plans to establish new measures like a counterstrike capability. While many analysts have highlighted these developments as significant shifts in Japan’s strategic priorities, a single major factor looms in the background that continues to hinder developments—Japan’s aging population. Japan’s attempt to become a “normal nation”—a country with an effective security policy that can accept the use of force as a potential policy tool—is constrained today by a declining birth rate, an aging population that both stresses the government’s budget and limits the recruitment pool for the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF), and the slow pace of technology adoption in the JSDF. Tom Phuong Le’s book Japan’s Aging Peace: Pacifism and Militarism in the Twenty-First Century addresses these major challenges and uniquely explores the intersection between Japanese defense policy and the country’s demographic crisis, detailing exactly why and how these issues are causational. First, fewer children mean fewer potential military recruits. Second, an older, aging population requires a larger budget for institutions like the pension system, leaving less money for defense matters, such as recruiting and retaining troops. Le carefully describes both the uniqueness and individuality of the problem; while most developed economies today are experiencing declining birth rates, Japan’s crisis has arguably attracted the most attention as a social phenomenon over the last two decades. In exploring how the abovementioned demographic shift affects Japan’s defense, Le compares Japan with its neighbors South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Singapore, which all have some form of mandatory conscription. Yet, each of these countries faces the same issue of an aging population—and
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来源期刊
Asia Policy
Asia Policy Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Asia Policy is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal presenting policy-relevant academic research on the Asia-Pacific that draws clear and concise conclusions useful to today’s policymakers.
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