挪威法律和瑞典萨米人

Q2 Social Sciences
T. Allen, Jan Mikael Lundmark
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现代国家边界往往贯穿目前或以前由土著人民占领的领土。在许多情况下,对跨境流动的法律的不严格适用可能会干扰土著群体的权利和生活方式。本文件审议了加拿大和挪威最近在跨界权利和索赔方面的法律发展。它强调了在国家内部被视为基本的宪法原则与国际法规范,特别是《联合国土着人民权利宣言》制定的规范之间出现的冲突。我们侧重于挪威关于土著人民跨国界权利的宪法判例,并借鉴加拿大法律,以此证明挪威的做法具有不适当的限制性。我们认为,这主要是由于挪威法院倾向于采用家长式的土著权利主张模式。我们将此与加拿大最高法院最近关于跨境索赔的判例进行了对比,后者的推理更接近于根据《联合国宣言》的要求优先承认土著权利的模式。最后一节回到挪威,审议《欧洲人权公约》对萨米人权利的影响。欧洲人权法院正在审查这一主要案件,因此,文章询问家长式模式是否经得起对人权标准的更严格审查。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Norwegian Law and the Swedish Sami
Modern state boundaries often cut through territories currently or formerly occupied by indigenous peoples. In many cases, the unmitigated application of laws on movement across the border can interfere with the rights and way of life of an indigenous group. This paper considers recent legal developments in Canada and Norway concerning cross-border rights and claims. It highlights conflicts that have emerged between constitutional principles that are regarded as fundamental within the state and norms drawn from international law, and in particular the norms set by United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We focus on the constitutional jurisprudence on cross-border rights of indigenous peoples in Norway, and draw on the Canadian law as a means of demonstrating that the Norwegian approach is unduly restrictive. This, we argue, is primarily due to the preference of the Norwegian court for a paternalistic model of indigenous claims. We contrast this with the recent jurisprudence from the Canadian Supreme Court on cross-border claims, where the reasoning is closer to a model that gives priority to the recognition of indigenous rights, as required under the UN Declaration. The final section returns to Norway, to consider the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘echr’) to Sami rights. The leading case is under review by the European Court of Human Rights, and accordingly the article asks whether the paternalist model will withstand the closer scrutiny against human rights standards.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: Established in 1930, the Nordic Journal of International Law has remained the principal forum in the Nordic countries for the scholarly exchange on legal developments in the international and European domains. Combining broad thematic coverage with rigorous quality demands, it aims to present current practice and its theoretical reflection within the different branches of international law.
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