生存的机会主义:轮船茶工和中国战时航运业,1937-1941

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
P. Law
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了战时中国航运业工会激进主义、犯罪和暴力之间的关系。根据外交和警察记录、船运舱单、期刊和报纸,这篇文章讨论了被称为“茶男孩”的个体经营的不熟练的轮船服务员。通过对中国平民地下斗争的深入了解,文章认为,在第二次世界大战期间,轮船上的茶工每天都为敌对政权充当低级间谍,以此维持生计。作为工人,轮船上的茶工们务实地,没有任何政治意识形态上的考虑,为了自己的生存,他们适应了不同交战国的需要。此外,本文认为,战时中国剧烈的社会政治动荡使这些受雇的船上服务员越来越倾向于一种功利主义的主顾关系,这种关系最初是在20世纪20年代中期工会开始时形成的,并以牺牲他们的本土联系和虚假的家庭纽带为代价而继续下去。在各种政权的武装力量保护工人利益的环境下,受主顾关系的影响,这些男孩认为工会是在工业骚乱中犯罪和暴力的市场上有竞争力的肌肉力量卖家。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Opportunism for Survival: Steamship Teaboys and China's Wartime Shipping Industry, 1937–1941
This article examines the correlation between union activism, crime, and violence in the shipping industry in wartime China. Drawing on diplomatic and police records, shipping manifests, periodicals, and newspapers, the article deals with self-employed unskilled steamship attendants called “teaboys.” With insight into Chinese civilians’ underground struggle, the article contends that, steamship teaboys sustained their livelihoods during World War II by operating as everyday low-level spies for rival regimes. As workers, steamship teaboys pragmatically, without evidence of politico-ideological considerations, accommodated the needs of different belligerents in exchange for their own survival. Moreover, this article argues that the drastic socio-political upheaval in wartime China made these marginally employed shipboard attendants increasingly inclined towards a utilitarian patron-client relationship, originally forged in the mid-1920s when unionization began, and continued at the expense of their native-place ties and fictive family bonds. Impacted by the patron-client relationship in a climate where workers’ interests were protected by the armed forces of various regimes, the teaboys viewed unions as competitive sellers of muscle power in a market for crime and violence in industrial unrest.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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