{"title":"青光眼:综述","authors":"S. Thakur, N. Srivastava, D. Patle","doi":"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.22","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and resulting changes in the optic nerve head. It is usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal value—usually estimated at 21 mm Hg. Loss of ganglion cells is related to the level of intraocular pressure, but other factors may also play a role. Reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to treat the disease. Although treatment is usually initiated with ocular hypotensive drops, laser trabeculoplasty and surgery may also be used to slow disease progression. Introduction Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world. In India glaucoma constitute 2% of total blindness (1). Moreover, the management of glaucoma has an enormous impact in our society in terms of patient’s morbidity, loss of productivity, number of ophthalmic consultations and health costs, as these patients may have to continue the therapy for the whole life. However, new glaucoma medications have increased efficacy, reduced dosing frequency and improved side effect profiles; but there is need for comparing the cost of new glaucoma medication with the traditional one (2). Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve is damaged with typical loss of nerve fibers and increasing cupping of the optic disc, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. There are many different sub-types of glaucoma but they can all be considered a type of optic neuropathy. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (3). Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. Glaucoma has been nicknamed the “sneak robber of sight” because the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a long period of time and is often only recognized when the disease is quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field cannot be recovered. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and affects approx 66 million people in the world. In some countries, e.g. United States of America were approximately 100000 people are totally blind and approx 300000 are blind in one eye from glaucoma, it is the leading cause of blindness. Glaucoma affects 1 in 200 people aged fifty and younger, and 1 in 10 over the age of eighty (4, 5 & 6). Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The World Health Organization estimated that in 2010 glaucoma accounted for 2% of visual impairment and 8% of global blindness. Disability adjusted life years Glaucoma : A Review *Seema Thakur, Neha Srivastava, Deepshikha Patle Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes Ludhiana Correspondaning author : thakurseema1983@yahoo.co.in","PeriodicalId":10980,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Glaucoma : A Review\",\"authors\":\"S. Thakur, N. Srivastava, D. Patle\",\"doi\":\"10.5530/ctbp.2020.2.22\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and resulting changes in the optic nerve head. It is usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal value—usually estimated at 21 mm Hg. Loss of ganglion cells is related to the level of intraocular pressure, but other factors may also play a role. Reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to treat the disease. Although treatment is usually initiated with ocular hypotensive drops, laser trabeculoplasty and surgery may also be used to slow disease progression. Introduction Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world. In India glaucoma constitute 2% of total blindness (1). Moreover, the management of glaucoma has an enormous impact in our society in terms of patient’s morbidity, loss of productivity, number of ophthalmic consultations and health costs, as these patients may have to continue the therapy for the whole life. However, new glaucoma medications have increased efficacy, reduced dosing frequency and improved side effect profiles; but there is need for comparing the cost of new glaucoma medication with the traditional one (2). Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve is damaged with typical loss of nerve fibers and increasing cupping of the optic disc, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. There are many different sub-types of glaucoma but they can all be considered a type of optic neuropathy. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (3). Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. Glaucoma has been nicknamed the “sneak robber of sight” because the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a long period of time and is often only recognized when the disease is quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field cannot be recovered. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and affects approx 66 million people in the world. In some countries, e.g. United States of America were approximately 100000 people are totally blind and approx 300000 are blind in one eye from glaucoma, it is the leading cause of blindness. Glaucoma affects 1 in 200 people aged fifty and younger, and 1 in 10 over the age of eighty (4, 5 & 6). Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The World Health Organization estimated that in 2010 glaucoma accounted for 2% of visual impairment and 8% of global blindness. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
青光眼是初级和二级医疗中最常见的眼科疾病之一。青光眼是一组以视网膜神经节细胞变性和视神经头改变为特征的进行性视神经病变。它通常与眼内压(IOP)高于正常值(通常估计为21 mm Hg)有关。神经节细胞的损失与眼内压水平有关,但其他因素也可能起作用。降低眼压是治疗此病的唯一有效方法。虽然治疗通常以眼压降滴剂开始,但激光小梁成形术和手术也可用于减缓疾病进展。青光眼是世界范围内导致不可逆失明的主要原因。在印度,青光眼占全盲的2%(1)。此外,青光眼的治疗在我们的社会中对患者的发病率、生产力的损失、眼科咨询的数量和医疗费用都有巨大的影响,因为这些患者可能不得不终生继续治疗。然而,新的青光眼药物提高了疗效,减少了给药频率,改善了副作用;但需要比较新型青光眼药物与传统药物的成本(2)。青光眼是一种视神经病变,视神经受损,典型表现为神经纤维丢失,视盘拔火罐增多,导致进行性、不可逆的视力丧失。它通常(但不总是)与眼液压力增加有关。神经损伤包括视网膜神经节细胞的特征性损失。青光眼有许多不同的亚型,但它们都可以被认为是视神经病变的一种。眼压升高是青光眼发生的重要危险因素(3)。未经治疗的青光眼会导致视神经永久性损伤和视野丧失,进而发展为失明。青光眼被戏称为“偷袭视力的强盗”,因为视力的丧失通常是在很长一段时间内逐渐发生的,通常只有在病情相当严重时才会被发现。一旦失去,这种受损的视野就无法恢复。在世界范围内,青光眼是致盲的第二大原因,影响着全球约6600万人。在一些国家,例如美利坚合众国,约有10万人完全失明,约有30万人因青光眼而一只眼睛失明,青光眼是致盲的主要原因。青光眼影响200名50岁及以下的人中有1人,80岁以上的人中有1人(4,5 & 6)。青光眼是初级和二级保健中最常见的眼科疾病之一。世界卫生组织估计,2010年青光眼占视力障碍的2%,占全球失明的8%。残疾调整生命年青光眼:综述*Seema Thakur, Neha Srivastava, Deepshikha Patle制药科学学院,PCTE Group of Institutes Ludhiana通讯作者:thakurseema1983@yahoo.co.in
Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and resulting changes in the optic nerve head. It is usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) above the normal value—usually estimated at 21 mm Hg. Loss of ganglion cells is related to the level of intraocular pressure, but other factors may also play a role. Reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to treat the disease. Although treatment is usually initiated with ocular hypotensive drops, laser trabeculoplasty and surgery may also be used to slow disease progression. Introduction Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world. In India glaucoma constitute 2% of total blindness (1). Moreover, the management of glaucoma has an enormous impact in our society in terms of patient’s morbidity, loss of productivity, number of ophthalmic consultations and health costs, as these patients may have to continue the therapy for the whole life. However, new glaucoma medications have increased efficacy, reduced dosing frequency and improved side effect profiles; but there is need for comparing the cost of new glaucoma medication with the traditional one (2). Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the optic nerve is damaged with typical loss of nerve fibers and increasing cupping of the optic disc, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. The nerve damage involves loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern. There are many different sub-types of glaucoma but they can all be considered a type of optic neuropathy. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma (3). Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. Glaucoma has been nicknamed the “sneak robber of sight” because the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a long period of time and is often only recognized when the disease is quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field cannot be recovered. Worldwide, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and affects approx 66 million people in the world. In some countries, e.g. United States of America were approximately 100000 people are totally blind and approx 300000 are blind in one eye from glaucoma, it is the leading cause of blindness. Glaucoma affects 1 in 200 people aged fifty and younger, and 1 in 10 over the age of eighty (4, 5 & 6). Glaucoma is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions encountered in primary and secondary care. The World Health Organization estimated that in 2010 glaucoma accounted for 2% of visual impairment and 8% of global blindness. Disability adjusted life years Glaucoma : A Review *Seema Thakur, Neha Srivastava, Deepshikha Patle Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes Ludhiana Correspondaning author : thakurseema1983@yahoo.co.in
期刊介绍:
The Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy (ABAP) will be useful to form a forum for scientists so that they can bring together to discuss and find scientific solutions to the problems of society. The annual meetings will help the members to share their knowledge and publish their research knowledge particularly by members and fellows of the Association and special care will be taken to provide an opportunity for young scientists. Besides this the association is planned to organize symposia, seminars and workshops on current developments of Biotechnology and Pharmacy particularly on the subject of current scientific interest, and the proceedings of which will be published regularly. And in view of the vast development of science and to disseminate the problems in publication of research work, an international journal of Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy has been started by ABAP.