'Pakarena' dance image classification using convolutional neural network algorithm

One of the riches of the Indonesian nation comes from the diversity of ethnicities and cultures, especially dance, which is the culture of the Indonesian people, starting from their ancestors until now, their authenticity is still maintained. The wrong cultural dance that develops, especially in South Sulawesi, which consists of four (4) ethnic groups, namely: Bugis, Makassar, Toraja and Mandar, which have their own dance dances from each tribe in South Sulawesi to maintain this dance. There is a need for collaboration between local community leaders, government and researchers, especially researchers to raise dance dances from the Makassar Tribe called Pakkarena dance using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method to the Pakarena dance image in distinguishing or classifying an object on digital images with an accuracy level of 95 75%. E-ISSN 2548-7779 ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol. 13, No. 2, August 2021, pp. 134-139 135 Ibrahim & Rachmat (‘Pakarena’ dance image classification using convolutional neural network algorithm) Method A. Pakarena Dance Before it became the current form of Pakarena dance show in Figure 1, it was known as Sere Jaga which was part of a community ritual ceremony before planting rice and after planting rice. Where the dancers hold a bunch of quality rice (rice seeds that have been selected through a ceremony) which is considered the goddess of rice. Then the Sere Jaga dance developed into a ritual ceremony carried out throughout the night in welcoming the rice harvest ceremony. These ceremonies include ammatamata jene, benteng ammata, and others. The existence of art in Indonesia cannot be separated from mystical stories at that time. This can also be seen in the arts from the South Sulawesi region, namely the Pakarena Dance. The beginning of its emergence cannot be predicted with certainty because there are only oral stories that are passed down from generation to generation. Pakarena dance originated from a myth about the separation between the inhabitants of the Land of Heaven and the inhabitants of the Ancient Earth. Before parting ways, Boting Langi taught the Lino people how to live, grow crops, raise livestock, and hunt through hand, body and foot movements. These movements then become ritual dances when the community expresses its gratitude to the residents. Another story mentions that the Pakarena dance is associated with legend as the first Somba (king) of the Kingdom of Gowa. It is said that Pakarena first appeared with Putri Tumanurung ri Tamalatea. According to the story, Pakarena is a companion and complement to the greatness of Tumanurung ri Tamalate [9]. Figure 1. Pakarena Dance B. Convolutional Neural Network The technique used in overcoming this ANN problem is used for image processing, classification and image grouping, in this case dance images that can directly perform image processing. ANN is an adaptive system that can change its structure to solve problems based on external and internal information flowing through the network. In other words, this technique has the ability to remember from previous experiences [10][11]. The artificial neural network also has several layers commonly known as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which fully connects between neurons that have strong classification capabilities. However, MLP also has some problems when the input is an image. Images need to be preprocessed, segmented and feature extracted for optimal performance to get perfect results. This can also result in MLP having too many independent parameters or information redundancy in its architecture. The independent parameters are derived from a formation with a full connection scheme between inputs and some feature maps from input values to output values [12]. s(gp − gc) = ∑ s(gp − gc)2p p=0 (1) Where: p: Number of neighbors s: Radius of circular neighbors gc: Pixel center intensity value gp: neighbor intensity value 136 ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol. 13, No. 2, August 2021, pp. 134-139 E-ISSN 2548-7779 Ibrahim & Rachmat (‘Pakarena’ dance image classification using convolutional neural network algorithm) Pass-forward network 3-2-3-2; it contains three nodes in the input layer (layer 0), two nodes in the first hidden layer (layer 1), three nodes in the second hidden layer (layer 2), and two nodes in the output layer (layer 3). This network, generally with no more than four such layers, is one of the most commonly used neural networks, so some users identify the phrase "neural network" to mean a feed-forward network. Conceptually, nodes in a higher layer successively abstract higher-level features from the previous layer. In the literature on neural networks, the term “feed forward” is sometimes used to refer to layered or acrylic tissues [13].