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引用次数: 42
摘要
这篇系统综述被认为是为了加深欧洲和美国与自杀行为和自杀方法最相关的社会人口学变量之间的关系。这项研究是根据2005-2015年间发表在PsycINFO、Medline、Web of Science Core Collection、Scopus和SciELO上的文章和评论进行的。多亏了它,我们检索了5222份记录,这些记录根据纳入情况(例如,以英语或西班牙语发表的研究的任何设计)和质量标准进行了分析,包括审查中的53项研究。在这些结果中,值得注意的是,男性(36%的研究)和老年人(28%的研究)自杀的频率更高。女性(30%的研究)和年轻人(17%的研究)有更多的尝试和自杀行为。其中最常用的方法是绞刑(24%的研究)、火器(17%的研究)和沉淀(6%的研究);失业(17%的研究)、农村生活(9%的研究),婚姻以外的婚姻状况(15%的研究)和低教育程度(23%的研究)也与自杀和自杀行为密切相关。因此,在进行心理尸检时,可以得出重要的联系,由于其对人身和物质损害的明显影响,必须通过司法解释,将具体事件澄清为自杀、凶杀或事故,因此应将其考虑在内。
Sociodemographic Variables Most Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and Suicide Methods in Europe and America. A Systematic Review
This Systematic Review is thought to deepen the relation between sociodemographic variables most associated with suicidal behaviour and suicide methods in Europe and America. A research was made from articles and reviews published between 2005-2015 in PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and SciELO. Thanks to it, we retrieved 5,222 records which were analysed against the inclusion (e.g., any design of the study, published in English or Spanish) and quality criteria, including 53 studies in the review. In these results it is noticeable how men (36% of the studies) and elderly (28% of the studies) commit suicide more frequently. Women (30% of the studies) and young people (17% of the studies) have more attempts and suicidal behaviour. The most commonly used methods among them hanging (24% of the studies), firearm (17% of the studies), and precipitation (6% of the studies); unemployment (17% of the studies), rural life (9% of the studies), a marital status other than marriage (15% of the studies), and low education (23% of the studies) are also closely associated with both suicide and suicidal behaviour. Consequently, important connections can be concluded when carrying out psychological autopsies, which should be taken into ac due to their clear implications in personal and material damage that must be elucidated judicially, clarifying the specific occurrence as suicide, homicide, or accident.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, the official journal of the Sociedad Española de Psicología Jurídica y Forense [Spanish Society of Forensic Psychology] and the Asociación Iberoamericana de Justicia Terapéutica [Latin-American Association of Therapeutic Jurisprudence], publishes empirical articles and meta-analytic reviews of topics dealing with psychology and law (e.g., legal decision making, eyewitness).
The journal is aimed at researchers, academics and professionals in Psychology, Law, Social Work, Forensic Sciences, Educators and, in general, people related with Social Sciences and the Law.