Models and frameworks of mental health recovery: a scoping review of the available literature.

Background: The recovery approach involves providing a holistic and integrated service that is centered on and adapts to the aspirations and needs of consumers, who are seen as the expert on their health and well-being. Evidence is needed to address the current ambiguities related to the concept of recovery and its application.

Aim: A scoping review was conducted to identify papers describing theories, models, and frameworks of recovery to delineate the central domains of recovery.

Methods: Three literature search strategies were used: electronic database searching; hand-searching of key journals; and a reference list review of included papers. Inclusion criteria outlined theories, models and frameworks developed to support consumers' recovery and those supporting mental health professionals (MHPs) to deliver recovery-oriented services.

Results: Twelve studies (eleven articles and one book) were included in the review. The dimensions of recovery were synthesized into a framework named the Consolidated Framework for Recovery-oriented Services (CFRS). There are three domains within the framework: mechanisms/strategies; recovery as an internal process; and recovery as an external process. Each of these domains, as well as their relationships, are discussed.

Conclusions: The CFRS can be used by practitioners, researchers, funders, and collaborative members to conceptualize, implement, and evaluate recovery-oriented services.