对Kuryłowicz第四定律的评估:意义的原型性会影响语言的变化吗?

IF 1.8 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Isabeau De Smet
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据著名的Kuryłowicz (K4)第四定律,当一种语言中出现一种形态双重形式时,新形式与原型的基本意义联系在一起,而旧形式则具有次要意义。本文首次尝试对K4进行更深入的研究,以评估意义的原型性是否对形态变化有影响。对历史上的荷兰语进行了三个研究:-en和-s复数,弱读音的启示和-de的启示。原型性的影响在符号水平(引理内的意义差异)和类型水平(引理之间的差异)上都进行了分析。作为意义原型(心理)的代理,使用了语言预测因子,如具体性、习得年龄、意义年表、意义频率和隐喻。结果显示,原型性在符号层面上没有明显的影响,但它们确实表明了在类型层面上的影响:更具体的含义往往出现在较新的变体上。然而,这些结果也可能归因于象似性,因为在这些情况下,较新的变体是较短的,具体的意思往往用较短的词来表示,而不是抽象的词。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An assessment of the fourth law of Kuryłowicz: does prototypicality of meaning affect language change?
Abstract According to the (in)famous fourth law of Kuryłowicz (K4), when a morphological doublet arises in a language, the newer form becomes associated with the prototypical, basic meaning, while the old form takes a secondary meaning. This paper takes a first attempt at a more thorough inquiry of K4 to assess whether prototypicality of meaning has an effect on morphological change. Three studies on historical Dutch are taken on: -en versus -s plurals, the apocope of schwa and the apocope of -de. The effects of prototypicality are analysed both on a token level (differences in meaning within lemmas) as well as on a type level (differences between lemmas). As proxies for prototypicality of meaning (psycho)linguistic predictors are used, such as concreteness, age of acquisition, chronology of meaning, meaning frequency and metaphor. Results show no clear effect of prototypicality on a token level, but they do suggest an effect on a type level: more concrete meanings tend to show up more often with the newer variant. Yet these results may also be ascribed to iconicity as the newer variants in these cases are the shorter ones and concrete meanings tend to be represented by shorter words than abstract ones.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
17.60%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Cognitive Linguistics presents a forum for linguistic research of all kinds on the interaction between language and cognition. The journal focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information. Cognitive Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal of international scope and seeks to publish only works that represent a significant advancement to the theory or methods of cognitive linguistics, or that present an unknown or understudied phenomenon. Topics the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, cognitive models, metaphor, and imagery); the functional principles of linguistic organization, as illustrated by iconicity; the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics; the experiential background of language-in-use, including the cultural background; the relationship between language and thought, including matters of universality and language specificity.
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