Investigating the potential for saltpan restoration for the provision of multiple ecosystem services

Saltpans are increasingly being abandoned around the world, leading to the loss of ecosystem services provided by these unique semi-natural wetlands. The desertion of a saltpan at the Swartkops Estuary, South Africa has left behind a large area of desiccated hypersaline sediment and a sharp decrease in waterbird abundance and diversity. Here, we explore the potential for restoring this saltpan’s wetland function using stormwater inflow to support multiple ecosystem services and improve estuary health. Stormwater will be able to flow into the saltpan as a passive restoration approach that can maintain the site as a wetland habitat. This will contribute to improving the health of a nationally important, yet highly degraded, estuary by retaining 758 ML of stormwater to achieve full capacity, containing an estimated 2908 kg of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and 68 kg of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Additional ecosystem services such as biodiversity maintenance, carbon storage and societal values can be expected. However, this would create a novel hypersaline stormwater wetland and a strategic adaptive management approach will be required. Management must be guided by monitoring, which should comprise collection of basic environmental data to establish a baseline condition, and against which, long term changes and responses resulting from stochastic events can be assessed and mitigated through the use of achievable ecological restoration targets.