海上空气噪音:船舶和港口

IF 0.8 4区工程技术 Q4 ACOUSTICS

International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI:10.20855/ijav.2019.24.4e94

D. Borelli

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引用次数: 8

摘要

船舶作为噪声源的研究已经进行了几十年，主要涉及水下声音发射和船上噪声。原因有几个：（1）水下噪声是根据“声学特征”（一种有助于识别和跟踪船只或武器的元素（主要是空化噪声、机械噪声和水动力噪声）的组合）为军事目的进行研究的；（2）对海洋动物的短期和长期负面影响，特别是海洋哺乳动物和头足类动物，以及（3）可能对乘客和机组人员的人类健康产生不利影响的持续船上噪音。考虑到最后一个原因，从监管角度来看，《国际海上人命安全公约》（SOLAS）在其第II-1/3-12号条例中要求船舶遵守国际海事组织（海事组织）MSC.337（91）号决议“船上噪声级准则”。如今，海事组织的这项决议对1600总吨位或以上的船舶是强制性的，这些船舶的建造必须保护工人免受噪音影响，并减少船上噪音。

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Maritime Airborne Noise: Ships and Harbours

The topic of ships as noise sources has been studied for decades, mainly as regards underwater sound emission and onboard noise. There are several reasons: (1) underwater noise is investigated for military purposes in terms of “acoustic signatures” — a combination of elements (mainly cavitation noise, machinery noise and hydrodynamic noise) that help identify and track a vessel or weapon, (2) short and longterm negative effects on marine fauna, in particular marine mammals and cephalopods and (3) continuous onboard noise that can have an adverse impact on human health for both passengers and crew. Considering this last reason, from a regulatory point of view, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) in its regulation II-1/3-12 requires ships to be compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) resolution MSC.337(91) “Code on noise levels on-board ships”. This IMO resolution is nowadays mandatory for ships of 1,600 gross tonnage or more, which have to be constructed to protect workers from noise and to reduce shipboard noise.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration ACOUSTICS-ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

10.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 months

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