Cluster-based Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy for Grayhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks

: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are essential for a variety of applications, such as surveillance, industrial automation, and monitoring of the environment. The distributed and resource-constrained design of WSNs, however, leaves them open to a number of security risks, such as grayhole attacks. Grayhole attacks cause network interruption and compromised data integrity by causing hostile nodes to selectively drop or modify data packets. To counteract grayhole attacks in WSNs, we suggest the cluster-based low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm in this study. To improve the security and energy efficiency of WSNs, the suggested method makes use of dynamic cluster formation, energy-efficient routing, and trust-based packet forwarding.