W. Colgan, Christopher L. Shields, P. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Austin P. Lines, Joshua Elliott, H. Rajaram, K. Mankoff, M. Jensen, Mira Backes, Yue Liu, Xianzhe Wei, N. Karlsson, Henrik Spanggård, Allan Ø. Pedersen
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引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要我们介绍了一种电热钻冰系统的设计和性能,该系统旨在将温度传感器电缆插入冰中。融化尖端相对简单且成本低廉,设计用于单程到达冰床界面。钻井系统由熔体尖端、脐带缆、绞车、接口、电源和支撑部件组成。熔体尖端和绞盘是钻井系统中最新颖的元件,我们使这些部件的硬件和电气设计可以开放使用。在实验室中进行的测试表明,熔体尖端的电能正向熔化传热效率为-35 % 理论最大穿透率为~12 m h−1最高6.0 kW功率。相比之下,冰盖测试表明,融化尖端的传热效率相似,为~15 % 理论最大穿透率为~6 m h−1.我们预计实验室和现场性能之间的效率差距将随着操作员经验的增加而缩小。由于钻孔再冻结导致的脐带冻结是钻井系统的主要深度限制因素。基于焓的钻孔再冻结评估预测在~4年内重新冻结至临界脐带直径以下 −20时的h ∘C结冰温度和~20 −2时的h ∘C.这相当于理论深度限制高达~200 m、 取决于火苗厚度、冰温度和操作员经验。
Design and performance of the Hotrod melt-tip ice-drilling system
Abstract. We introduce the design and performance of an electrothermal ice-drilling system designed to insert a temperature sensor cable into ice. The melt tip is relatively simple and low-cost, designed for a one-way trip to the ice–bed interface. The drilling system consists of a melt tip, umbilical cable, winch, interface, power supply, and support items. The melt tip and the winch are the most novel elements of the drilling system, and we make the hardware and electrical designs of these components available open-access. Tests conducted in a laboratory
indicate that the melt tip has an electrical energy to forward melting heat transfer efficiency of ∼35 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼12 m h−1at maximum 6.0 kW power. In contrast, ice-sheet testing suggests the melt tip has an analogous heat transfer efficiency of ∼15 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼6 m h−1. We expect the efficiency gap between laboratory and field performance to decrease with increasing operator experience. Umbilical freeze-in due to borehole refreezing is the primary depth-limiting factor of the drilling system. Enthalpy-based borehole refreezing assessments predict refreezing below critical umbilical diameter in ∼4 h at −20 ∘C ice temperatures and ∼20 h at −2 ∘C. This corresponds to a theoretical depth limit of up to ∼200 m, depending on firn thickness, ice temperature, and operator experience.
期刊介绍:
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI) is an open-access interdisciplinary electronic journal for swift publication of original articles and short communications in the area of geoscientific instruments. It covers three main areas: (i) atmospheric and geospace sciences, (ii) earth science, and (iii) ocean science. A unique feature of the journal is the emphasis on synergy between science and technology that facilitates advances in GI. These advances include but are not limited to the following:
concepts, design, and description of instrumentation and data systems;
retrieval techniques of scientific products from measurements;
calibration and data quality assessment;
uncertainty in measurements;
newly developed and planned research platforms and community instrumentation capabilities;
major national and international field campaigns and observational research programs;
new observational strategies to address societal needs in areas such as monitoring climate change and preventing natural disasters;
networking of instruments for enhancing high temporal and spatial resolution of observations.
GI has an innovative two-stage publication process involving the scientific discussion forum Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions (GID), which has been designed to do the following:
foster scientific discussion;
maximize the effectiveness and transparency of scientific quality assurance;
enable rapid publication;
make scientific publications freely accessible.