{"title":"亚历山大·瓦列夫斯基绘画中的内战个人史","authors":"E. Alekseev","doi":"10.15826/qr.2023.1.777","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of graphic works by the amateur artist A. N. Valevsky (1896–1938) from the collection of the Ulyanovsk Regional Art Museum makes it possible to get a subjective view of the events of the Civil War in Russia. An officer of Kolchak’s army and later a commander of the Red Army, in his drawings, Valevsky recorded not only the everyday realities of the era but also his own experiences and feelings. The famous Soviet painters of the 1920s‑1930s (M. B. Grekov, A. A. Deineka, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, B. V. Johanson, etc.) avoided any personal interpretation of the events and independent assessments of the revolutionary cataclysms in their epic paintings dedicated to the Civil War. Such a thing is rare in the works of White émigré artists. On the other hand, amateur artists, for whom the documentation of events happening around and internal experiences was a vital need, more often allowed themselves to interpret the history of the “Russian troubles”. Valevsky created his drawings between 1921 and 1925, after the artist’s return to peaceful life and, thus, they can be perceived as memories of what he had experienced. The manner of his graphic works is diverse; they combine grotesque techniques with an attempt to capture reality, and tragic episodes go hand in hand with romantic and comical. In many compositions, the author includes examples of urban and military folklore, lines from poems, romances, and ditties popular among ordinary people. This technique gives the plots both the “spirit of the times” and metaphoricism important for a work of art – the meaningfulness of images. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
对乌里扬诺夫斯克地区艺术博物馆收藏的业余艺术家a. N. Valevsky(1896-1938)的图形作品进行分析,可以对俄罗斯内战的事件进行主观的看法。作为高尔察克军队的一名军官,后来成为红军的指挥官,瓦列夫斯基在他的绘画中不仅记录了那个时代的日常现实,还记录了他自己的经历和感受。20世纪20年代至30年代的著名苏联画家(m.b. Grekov、a.a. Deineka、k.s. Petrov-Vodkin、b.v. Johanson等)在他们描绘内战的史诗绘画中,避免对事件进行任何个人解释和对革命灾难的独立评估。这样的事情在白人移民艺术家的作品中是罕见的。另一方面,对业余艺术家来说,记录周围发生的事件和内部经历是至关重要的需求,他们更经常允许自己解释“俄罗斯麻烦”的历史。瓦列夫斯基在1921年至1925年间创作了他的画作,在艺术家回归平静生活之后,因此,它们可以被视为他所经历的记忆。他的图形作品的方式是多样的;他们将怪诞的技巧与捕捉现实的尝试结合起来,悲剧情节与浪漫和喜剧齐头并进。在许多作品中,作者包括城市和军事民间传说的例子,诗歌的台词,爱情故事,以及普通民众中流行的小曲。这种手法使情节既有“时代精神”,又有对艺术作品很重要的隐喻性——意象的意义。文章认为,对材料的考察也给人一种整个图形周期的自传体性质的感觉。
A Personal History of the Civil War in Alexander Valevsky’s Drawings
The analysis of graphic works by the amateur artist A. N. Valevsky (1896–1938) from the collection of the Ulyanovsk Regional Art Museum makes it possible to get a subjective view of the events of the Civil War in Russia. An officer of Kolchak’s army and later a commander of the Red Army, in his drawings, Valevsky recorded not only the everyday realities of the era but also his own experiences and feelings. The famous Soviet painters of the 1920s‑1930s (M. B. Grekov, A. A. Deineka, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, B. V. Johanson, etc.) avoided any personal interpretation of the events and independent assessments of the revolutionary cataclysms in their epic paintings dedicated to the Civil War. Such a thing is rare in the works of White émigré artists. On the other hand, amateur artists, for whom the documentation of events happening around and internal experiences was a vital need, more often allowed themselves to interpret the history of the “Russian troubles”. Valevsky created his drawings between 1921 and 1925, after the artist’s return to peaceful life and, thus, they can be perceived as memories of what he had experienced. The manner of his graphic works is diverse; they combine grotesque techniques with an attempt to capture reality, and tragic episodes go hand in hand with romantic and comical. In many compositions, the author includes examples of urban and military folklore, lines from poems, romances, and ditties popular among ordinary people. This technique gives the plots both the “spirit of the times” and metaphoricism important for a work of art – the meaningfulness of images. According to the article, the examination of the material also gives a feeling of the autobiographical nature of the entire graphic cycle.
期刊介绍:
Quaestio Rossica is a peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on the study of Russia’s history, philology, and culture. The Journal aims to introduce new research approaches in the sphere of the Humanities and previously unknown sources, actualising traditional methods and creating new research concepts in the sphere of Russian studies. Except for academic articles, the Journal publishes reviews, historical surveys, discussions, and accounts of the past of the Humanities as a field.