早期葡萄牙奴隶船与种族资本主义的基础设施

IF 1.2 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES
Anna More
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章认为,对早期葡萄牙奴隶贸易的基础设施分析可以详细描述塞德里克·罗宾逊所说的“种族资本主义”的出现。早期葡萄牙奴隶船是积累基础设施如何加速资本主义种族化的最清晰例子之一。正如1684年《葡萄牙吨位法》所谴责的那样,早期奴隶船的船舱创造了空间制度,经常通过窒息杀死俘虏,窒息是一种独特的死亡形式,是人类生命减少到资本的结果。如果奴役是由这种窒息的空间制度定义的,那么早期的奴隶贸易通过广泛的信贷和债务网络扩展了种族化的基础。这种金融体系确立了奴役和自由的参数,架起了船上和陆地社会关系的桥梁。早期的奴隶船包括黑人水手,他们被称为脾气暴躁的人。这个术语在葡萄牙在非洲奴隶贸易的第一个地区被采用,指的是与卢索非洲贸易商一起工作的非洲工薪劳动者。由于工资很可能是以信贷形式支付的,而这些信贷只能通过参与人类买卖来兑现,因此脾气暴躁的人的自由受到早期贸易融资的信贷制度的限制。因此,早期奴隶贸易的基础设施是相互关联的金融模式、商品化的生活和债务之间的纽带和渠道,这些共同解释了早期大西洋世界的种族化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Early Portuguese Slave Ship and the Infrastructure of Racial Capitalism
This article argues that an infrastructural analysis of the early Portuguese slave trade permits a detailed account of the emergence of what Cedric Robinson called “racial capitalism.” The early Portuguese slave ship is one of the clearest examples of how an infrastructure of accumulation accelerated the racialization of capitalism. As denounced by the 1684 Portuguese Law on Tonnage, the holds of the early slave ships created spatial regimes that regularly killed captives through asphyxiation, a unique form of death resulting from the reduction of human life to capital. If enslavement was defined by this spatial regime of suffocation, the early slave trade extended the grounds for racialization through extensive networks of credit and debt. This financial system established the parameters of enslavement and freedom, bridging shipboard and terrestrial social relations. Early slave ships included Black sailors, known as grumetes. A term that became adopted throughout the first region of the Portuguese slave trade in Africa, grumete referred to African wage laborers who worked with Luso-African traders. As wages were likely paid in credit that could only be cashed out by participating in the sale of humans, the freedom of the grumetes was constrained by the system of credit that financed the early trade. The infrastructure of the early slave trade was thus the nexus and conduit between interconnected financial modes, commodified life and debt, that together account for the racialization of the early Atlantic world.
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来源期刊
Social Text
Social Text CULTURAL STUDIES-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.00%
发文量
19
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