20世纪的退缩和最近的干旱加速了加利福尼亚三一阿尔卑斯山脉高山冰川和常年雪原的灭绝

IF 0.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY
J. Garwood, A. Fountain, Kenneth T. Lindke, Michael van Hattem, H. Basagic
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引用次数: 4

摘要

摘要三一阿尔卑斯山是加利福尼亚州西北部克拉马斯山脉的一个紧凑的冰川亚区,海拔<2750米,是美国西部研究冰川变化的独特地点。我们通过使用明确定义的冰碛绘制历史冰川区域的地图,研究了自19世纪末最后一次小冰河时代推进以来的冰川变化。19世纪80年代左右,三一阿尔卑斯山至少存在六座冰川,估计冰川覆盖面积至少为55.4公顷(0.554平方公里)。我们追踪了自那时以来两个冰川和两个常年雪原的变化。从19世纪80年代到1994年,冰川总面积减少了79%(43.8公顷至9.1公顷)。到2013年,冰川面积又减少了19世纪80年代的7%,降至6.0公顷。总的来说,三文鱼冰川(-89%)和灰熊冰川(-84%)的消退情况相似,但自1994年以来,三文鱼冰川的消退速度要快得多,分别为53%和16%。2012年至2016年的持续干旱导致了两座冰川的灾难性退缩,到2015年,萨蒙冰川消失,灰熊冰川退缩至1.67公顷并部分停滞,自19世纪80年代以来,冰川总面积损失了-97%。自1955年以来,追踪到了两片雪原(1955年总面积3.02公顷),镜湖雪原于2013年夏天消失,峡谷溪雪原于2014年10月消失。自2005年以来异常温暖的夏季温度,加上2013年至2015年极低的冬季降水量,导致三一阿尔卑斯山的常年冰雪迅速消退,并几乎消失,威胁着依赖这些特征的当地生物多样性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
20th Century Retreat and Recent Drought Accelerated Extinction of Mountain Glaciers and Perennial Snowfields in the Trinity Alps, California
Abstract The Trinity Alps is a compact glaciated subrange of the Klamath Mountains in northwest California with elevations < 2,750 m making it a unique location in the western US to study glacier change. We examined glacier change since the last Little Ice Age advance in the late 19th century by mapping historic glacier areas using clearly defined moraines. At least six glaciers existed in the Trinity Alps around the 1880s and estimated glacier cover was at least 55.4 ha (0.554 km2). We tracked changes in two glaciers and two perennial snowfields since that time. Total glacier area decreased by 79% (43.8 ha to 9.1 ha) from the 1880s to 1994. By 2013, glacier area decreased another 7% of the 1880s area to 6.0 ha. Overall, retreat was similar for Salmon Glacier (–89%) and Grizzly Glacier (–84%), but since 1994 Salmon retreat has been much faster, 53% versus 16% for Grizzly. The extended 2012 to 2016 drought resulted in catastrophic retreat of both glaciers such that by 2015 Salmon Glacier disappeared and Grizzly Glacier retreated to 1.67 ha and partially stagnated, a –97% loss of total glacier area since the 1880s. Two snowfields (3.02 ha total area in 1955) were tracked since 1955, the Mirror Lake snowfield disappeared by the summer of 2013 and the Canyon Creek snowfield disappeared by October 2014. The unusually warm summer temperatures since 2005 combined with extremely low winter precipitation from 2013 to 2015 caused rapid retreat and near elimination of the Trinity Alps perennial snow and ice threatening local biodiversity that depends on these features.
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来源期刊
Northwest Science
Northwest Science 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: The pages of Northwest Science are open to original and fundamental research in the basic, applied, and social sciences. All submissions are refereed by at least two qualified peer reviewers. Papers are welcome from authors outside of the Pacific Northwest if the topic is suitable to our regional audience.
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