巴什科尔托斯坦共和国楚瓦什村的七个仪式:传统与现代地方特色

I. Petrov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文论述了生活在巴什科尔托斯坦共和国领土上的楚瓦什人中春季周期的清洗仪式的现代存在问题。这一主题尚未成为科学研究的对象,这决定了这项工作的相关性。本研究的目的是研究仪式的地方特征,以及它在当前阶段的转变过程,任务——简要分析科学文献中对这一问题的史学,概述仪式的本质和内容,它在楚瓦什人居住的各个地区的地方表现,仪式在现代仪式实践中的作用。这项研究采用了历史主义、客观性、一致性、特异性的原则,以及田野民族志的特殊方法——包括观察和访谈。这项工作基于作者于2002年至2004年、2020年、2022年在共和国西部、西南部、中部和南部地区楚瓦什村庄收集的实地材料。研究结果表明,近几十年来,塞伦仪式发生了重大变化。在大多数定居点,他完全脱离了仪式生活,并留在了老前辈的记忆中,在其他定居点,他经历了大规模的缩减和减少,并继续作为一种重要的仪式存在。后者可能是由于该地区楚瓦什人传统宗教思想的稳定,这有时有助于仪式在不同农村社区的情景再现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The rite seren in the Chuvash villages of the Republic of Bashkortostan: traditions and modern local features
The article deals with the issues of modern existence of the cleansing rite of the spring cycle sĕren among the Chuvash living on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. This topic has not yet become an object of scientific study, which determines the relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is to study the local features of the rite, as well as the processes of its transformation at the current stage, tasks – a brief analysis of the historiography of the issue in scientific literature, a general description of the essence and content of the ritual, its local manifestations in various areas of residence of the Chuvash, the role of the rite in modern ritual practice. The study was conducted using the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency, specificity, as well as special methods of field ethnography – included observation and interviews. The work is based on the author’s field materials collected in 2002–2004, 2020, 2022 years in the Chuvash villages of the western, southwestern, central and southern regions of the republic. The results of the study showed that the seren rite has undergone significant changes in recent decades. In most settlements, he completely fell out of ritual life and remained in the memory of old-timers, in others he underwent reduction and decreased on a scale and continues his existence as a vital ritual. The latter is probably due to the stability of traditional religious ideas among the Chuvash of the region, which sometimes contribute to the situational reproduction of the rite in different rural communities.
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