人类胚胎发育中颅底硬脑膜-静脉复合体的形态学研究

K. M
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引用次数: 0

摘要

采用血管腐蚀铸造方法,对112例妊娠16~36周的早产死胎进行了颅底硬脊膜静脉复合体的发育及其与颅内外静脉和静脉丛的连接研究。已经确定,在胎儿早期,主要的颅内硬膜管接近成熟的排列。在妊娠16周的胎儿中,鞍旁硬膜静脉复合体表现为丛状静脉环,将眼眶静脉丛引流至岩窦。硬膜管的平均直径逐渐增大,在接近妊娠24周时达到最大值2.2±0.53mm。这个发育阶段的特点是密集形成连接海绵窦和颅外静脉丛的发射静脉。由于管腔内导管的特殊融合,36周大胎儿的管腔平均直径逐渐下降,达到1.9±0.54mm。在胎儿发育结束时,21.3%的胎儿的原发静脉系统显著减少,形成了一个管形硬膜静脉窦,几条支流闭塞,颅外静脉丛密度降低。在另三分之一的胎儿中,静脉基底复合体增强,硬膜窦呈多通道形状,支流和吻合口丰富,一直持续到整个产前。因此,遗传决定的原发性静脉丛减少的速度决定了硬膜静脉系统的最终形状及其补偿能力。
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Morphology of the Dural Venous Complex of Skull Base in Human Ontogenesis
The development of the dural venous complex of the skull base formed by the cavernous, intercavernous, and petrous dural sinuses and their connections with the intra- and extracranial veins and venous plexuses, was investigated on 112 premature stillborn human fetuses from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation by methods of vascular corrosion casting. It was established that the main intracranial dural canals approach similar to the mature arrangement at the very beginning of the early fetal period. In fetuses 16 weeks of gestation, the parasellar dural venous complex appeared as a plexiform venous ring draining the venous plexus of the orbits into the petrous sinuses. The average diameter of dural canals progressively enlarged and reached its maximum value 2.2 ± 0.53 mm approaching the 24 th week of gestation. This developmental stage is characterized by the intensive formation of the emissary veins connecting the cavernous sinus with the extracranial venous plexuses. Due to the particular fusion of the intraluminal canals, the average diameter of the lumen gradually declined to reach 1.9 ± 0.54 mm in 36-week-old fetuses. By the end of the fetal development, 21.3% of fetuses featured a considerable reduction of the primary venous system with the formation of the one-canal shaped dural venous sinuses, obliteration of several tributaries, and decreased density of the extracranial venous plexuses. In the other third of fetuses, the enhanced venous basal complex with the multi-canal shape of dural sinuses, and abundance of tributaries and anastomoses persisted thought the whole antenatal period. Thus, the genetically determined pace of reduction of the primary venous plexuses determines the final shape of the dural venous system and its compensatory abilities.
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